Copyright © 1989 by the European Society of Cardiology.
© 1989 The European Society of Cardiology
Risk factors for heart failure in the general population: The study of men born in 1913
Gothenburg University Section of Preventive Medicine, Sweden
*Department of Medicine, Östra Hospital Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Hospital Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Family Medicine, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Received 30 September 1987; revised 14 December 1988; .
Correspondence to: Henry Eriksson M.D., Department of Medicine, Ostra Hospital, S-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
Abstract
In 1963 a sample of 973 men, all 50 years old, was drawn from the population register of Gothenburg, Sweden. These men have been followed up for 17 years with repeated examinations regarding a number of variables possibly related to cardiovascular disease. The latest examination, at the age of 67 years, focused on congestive heart failure (CHF). The incidence rate of manifest CHF varied from 1·5 to 10·2 cases (1000 population)–1 yr–1, depending on which age group was being studied. For the age group 50–67 years the incidence of manifest CHF was 5·5 (1000)–1 yr–1. A large number of factors associated with the risk of acquiring CHF were identified. In multivariate regression analyses, hypertension and smoking were the major independent risk factors. Body weight, heart volume, T-wave abnormalities, heart rate variability, peak expiratory flow rate, psychological stress and Fy-antigen (a genetic marker?) were also independent risk factors. Possible strategies for prevention are discussed.
Key Words: Heart failure • epidemiology • risk factors • hypertension • smoking • body weight
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