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European Heart Journal 1990 11(Supplement C):44-47; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/11.suppl_C.44
Copyright © 1990 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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© 1990 The European Society of Cardiology

Heart failure—the options for therapy

R. W. F. Campbell

Academic Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K.

Correspondence: Ronald W. F. Campbell, Professor of Cardiology, Academic Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, U.K.

Diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors currently are the mainstay of both acute and chronic heart failure management. They have earned their place by bringing measurable and reliable clinical benefit to patients with all grades and types of heart failure. Other treatments—digoxin, vasodilators and inotropes—offer less secure efficacy and their clinical role is at times controversial. The need for new remedies is inescapable. Despite current therapy, heart failure causes a distressing reduction in both quality and quantity of life. As knowledge of the pathophysiology of heart failure is gained, more selective treatment options may become available offering hitherto unknown specificity but demanding remarkable levels of diagnostic accuracy.

Key Words: Heart failure • treatment • digoxin • diuretics • vasodilators • ACE inhibitors • inotropes • β-blockers • xamoterol


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