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European Heart Journal 1990 11(Supplement I):1-5; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/11.suppl_I.1
Copyright © 1990 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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© 1990 The European Society of Cardiology

Measurement of cardiac output: Fick principle using catheterization

R. Fagard*, and J. Conway**

* Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium
** Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford Oxford, Great Britain

Correspondence: R. Fagard, M.D., Inwendige Ziekten-Cardiologie, Laboratorium voor Hartfunctie, U.Z. Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, B-3041 Pellenberg, Belgium

The direct oxygen Fick approach is the standard reference technique for cardiac output measurement. It probably is the most accurate method currently available, although there are many possibilities of introducing errors, and considerable care is needed.

Key Words: Pulmonary arteriovenous oxygen difference • pulmonary blood flow • spirometry


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