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European Heart Journal 1991 12(6):1098-1106;
Copyright © 1991 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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© 1991 The European Society of Cardiology

Systolic intra-cavitary gradients following aortic valve replacement: an echo-Doppler study

M. LAURENT, O. LEBORGNE, C. CLEMENT, J. L. FOULGOC, A. LE HELLOCO, C. ALMANGE and P. LEBORGNE

From the division of Cardiology B, Hciel-Dieu, C.H.U. Rennes, France

Received 5 February 1990; revised 18 October 1990; .

Correspondence: Dr M Laurent. Service de Cardiologie B. Hctel-Dieu. 2, rue de l'Hctel-Dieu, 35000, Rennes, France

Abstract

Systolic left ventricular flow was studied by pulsed and continuous wave Doppler in 41 patients following aortic valve replacement for severe stenosis (mean valvular area: 0·58 cm2 range 0·3–0·75 cm2 Maximal left ventricular velocities by continuous wave Doppler study, were higher than 2·5 m . s–1with a sharp peak at end-systole in five patients in basal condition and in four others after amyl nitrite inhalation. Pulsed Doppler study showed that the high velocities started from the apex or mitral papillary muscle level with a marked chamber narrowing at two-dimensional echography. Only one patient had a systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet with mitral-septal contact. The left ventricular dimensions, as measured by M-mode echography were compared in the various patient groups. High velocities seemed statistically associated with the smallar systolic and diastolic diameters of the left ventricle and outflow tract and the larger relative thickness of the posterior wall. The highest pressure gradients disappeared after correction of hypovolaemia (one patient) clearance of pericardial effusion (one patient). or beta-blocker treatment (three patients). The present study confirms that left intra-ventricular dynamic gradients can occur after clearance of fixed outflow obstruction. for which Doppler examination is a reliable and innocuous diagnostic means. Haemodynamically, this syndrome resembles hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, but the scarcity of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral leaflets is suggestive of a different mechanism that could be cavity obliteration or mid-ventricular obstruction.

Key Words: Left intra-ventricular gradients • aortic valve replacement


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