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European Heart Journal 1992 13(7):882-888;
Copyright © 1992 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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© 1992 The European Society of Cardiology

Modification of the characteristics of regurgitant jets when impinging upon a surface: an in-vitro investigation using Doppler colour flow mapping

G. L. NICOLOSI, S. BUDANO, G. M. GRENCI, S. MANGANO, E. CERVESATO and D. ZANUTTINI

Cardiologia-ARC, Ospedale Civile Pordenone, Italy

Received 25 March 1991; revised 22 November 1991; .

Correspondence: Gian L. Nicolosi, M.D., Cardiologia-ARC, Ospedale Civile, Via Montereale 24. 33170 Pordenone, Italy.

Abstract

Free jets were compared in vitro by colour Doppler flow mapping with jets striking a flat and a hemispherical surface, located 3 and 6 cm from a circular orifice (5 mm in diameter). The angles of the impinging jets were 45° and 90°. Flow rates from 6–52 ml. s–1 were tested (pulsatile jets, 0.5 s duration). Free jet areas (21.7±9.6 cm2) were larger (P<0.01) than that of impinging jets (14.3± 5.6 cm2). The distance of the target was a significant factor for reducing areas of striking jets (P< 0.001). The angle of incidence of the striking jet and the shape of the target surface were not independent factors, but they were important when interacting with flow rate (P<0.001). The percentage of total jet area of impinging jets occupied by swirling flow was larger for targets located at 3 cm (P<0.01), for a 90° angle of incidence (P <0.01), for a flat target surface (P<0.05). We conclude that jets visualized in vitro by colour Doppler flow mapping are significantly modified when impinging a surface, with the interplay of several factors. This can be of importance in clinical settings.

Key Words: Colour Doppler flow mapping • regurgitant jets • in-vitro studies


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