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European Heart Journal 1992 13(Supplement E):40-46; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/13.suppl_E.40
Copyright © 1992 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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© 1992 The European Society of Cardiology

The end-systolic pressure–volume relationship in young animals using the conductance technique

D. F. Teitel*, R. J. M. Klautz{dagger}, S. C. Cassidy*, P. Steendijk{dagger}, E. T. van der Velde{dagger}, F. van Bel{dagger} and J. Baan{dagger}

* Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco
{dagger} Clinical Physiology Laboratory of the Departments of Pediatrics and Cardiology, Leiden University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands

Correspondence: Dr David Teitel, Associate Professor, Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of California, San Francisco, Box 0130, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A.

Evaluation of ventricular performance by the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) has been extensively performed in the adult heart using the conductance technique. We undertook this study to validate the conductance technique and to generate ESPVRs in the small heart. To validate the technique, we simultaneously measured left ventricular volume by the conductance catheter and biplane cineangiography in nine piglets during changes in volume and contractility. Raw conductance volumes correlated highly with cineangiographic volumes (R = 0·97), and the slope was near identity (1·11 ± 0·04). However, ‘{alpha}Vc-corrected’ volumes correlated less well (R = 0±85), probably because of errors induced by the saline technique for {alpha}Vc. We evaluated the ESPVR in nine lambs by inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion, aortic occlusion, and volume infusion at rest and during changes in contractility. Reliable and linear ESPVRs were obtained in almost all TVC and aortic occlusions but not in volume infusions. Neither slope (Ees) nor position (V14) significantly changed over time or with dobutamine, but both changed after propranolol, supporting studies showing a limited contractile reserve in the newborn. However, Ees was 25% less steep when generated by 1VC occlusion as compared to aortic occlusion. We conclude that the ESPVR can be reliably generated in the small heart using the conductance technique, but that it is sensitive to the loading technique.

Key Words: Ventricular volume • systolic performance • conductance catheter • newborn animal • end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR)


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