Copyright © 1994 by the European Society of Cardiology.
© 1994 The European Society of Cardiology
Exercise peak VO2 determination in chronic heart failure: is it still of value?
*Cardiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
Nuclear Medicine Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
Received 15 April 1993; revised 3 September 1993; .
Correspondence: G. Roul, Hôpitaux Univeraitairies de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre Avenue Mobère, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France
Abstract
The prognostic value of exercise peak VO2 is still controversial. We therefore prospectively studied 75 patients in New York Heart Association functional class II or III with chronic heart failure stabilized by drug treatment. The patients (mean age of 58 ± 10 years) were submitted to a clinical examination, a radionuclide determination of left ventricular ejection fraction, and a haemodynamic study at rest (right side catheterization); their plasma sodium, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were measured in addition to exercise peak VO2 An exercise peak VO2 threshold value of 14 ml. kg–1. min–1 was used to define two groups: G1 (23 patients), with an exercise peak VO2
14 ml. kg–1. min–1 and G2 (52 patients) with an exercise peak VO2, kg–1. min–1. Gland G2 were comparable in terms of age, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. Apart from exercise peak V2, G1 and G2 also showed differences in right and left ventricular filling pressures, plasma sodium, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels and exercise duration (all P<0·01). Moreover the prognosis was worse in G1 than in G2: nine deaths vs 0, and seven major events—major events being defined as pulmonary oedema, hospitalization for heart failure, or severe ventricular arrhythmias vs three (P<0·001).
A sub-group analysis (deceased patients, living patients with and without major events) was performed out of 20 clinical and paraclinical parameters, exercise peak VO2 proved to have the greatest prognostic value. In conclusion, exercise peak VO2 is an independent prognostic factor for stable chronic heart failure patients in New York Heart Association functional classes II or III, and the best indicator of the risk of death (threshold value=14 ml. kg–1. min–1). This non-invasively obtained parameter might be suitable for the follow-up of chronic heart failure patients and useful in the determination of the optimal time for cardiac transplantation.
Key Words: Exercise peak VO2, chronic heart failure • NYHA functional class II or III • prognosis
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