Copyright © 1997 by the European Society of Cardiology.
© 1997 The European society of Cardiology
Changes in the QT interval and its adaptation to rate, assessed with continuous electrocardiographic recordings in patients with ventricular fibrillation, as compared to normal individuals without arrhythmias
Department of cardiology, University Hospital Ghent Belgium
revised 9 October 1996; accepted 16 October 1996.
Correspondence: Dr Rene Tavernier, University Hospital Ghent, Department of Cardiology, De Pintelaan 185. 13-9000 Ghent, Belgium
Abstract
Various QT interval variables and heart rate variability parameters were studied in six patients with ventricular fibrillation but without heart disease and compared with findings in 21 normal persons. QT and QT dispersion (QTd) were measured from conventional 12 lead ECGs; for dynamic QT analysis, QT intervals were automatically measured to the end of the T wave (QTe) on a 24 h ECG recording. The adaptation of the QT interval to changes in heart rate was expressed as the slope of the linear regression lines relating QTe to the RR interval (Se). The complete 24 h ECG recording and four 6 h segments were studied (morning, day, evening, and night). Ventricular fibrillation patients had slightly prolonged QTmax intervals on the 12 lead ECG, QT dispersion was longer in ventricular fibrillation patients than in normal persons (88±29 ms vs 59±26 ms, p<0·05), and on the 24 h ECG recording, normal persons and ventricular fibrillation patients had a comparable RR.
In addition, parameters for long-term (SD, standard deviation of normal RR intervals) and short-term (RMSSD, the root-mean-square successive differences of normal RR intervals) heart rate variability were not different. Automatic measurement of the QT interval and the QTe/RR slopes was possible over 24 h and in the 6 h intervals in a large majority of patients (25/27 and 88/108 readings). The mean 24 h QT and the mean 6 h QT interval were comparable in normal subjects and ventricular fibrillation patients except for the day segment. The 24 h Se was significantly lower in ventricular fibrillation patients, compared to normal individuals. Furthermore, Se in the morning and night segment was also significantly lower in ventricular fibrillation patients (both p<0·05).
In conclusion, patients with ventricular fibrillation but without underlying structural heart disease have normal heart rate variability parameters. However, abnormal re-polarization behaviour, characterized by an increased QTd and a depressed adaptation of QT to variations in RR (especially during the night and the morning), is present. These findings may help to understand and treat arrhythmias in this patient group.
Key Words: Ambulatory recording • autonomic nervous system • heart rate variability • QT interval • sudden death • ventricular fibrillation
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