Copyright © 2001 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from 15 countries. Principal results from EUROASPIRE II Euro Heart Survey Programme
Received December 14, 2000; accepted January 16, 2001Abstract
Aims The principal aim of the second EUROASPIRE survey was to determine in patients with established coronary heart disease whether the Joint European Societies' recommendations on coronary prevention are being followed in clinical practice.
Methods This survey was undertaken in 1999–2000 in 15 European countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, Spain and the U.K., in selected geographical areas and 47 centres. Consecutive patients, men and women 
70 years were identified retrospectively with the following diagnoses: coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, acute myocardial infarction and myocardial ischaemia. Data collection was based on a review of medical records and interview and risk assessment at least 6 months after hospital admission.
Results 8181 medical records (25% women) were reviewed and 5556 patients (adjusted participation rate 76%) interviewed. Recording of risk factor history and risk factor measurement in hospital notes was incomplete, particularly for discharge documents. At interview (median time 1·4 years after hospital discharge), 21% of patients smoked cigarettes, 31% were obese, 50% had raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 
140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 90mmHg), 58% had elevated serum total cholesterol (total cholesterol 5mmol.l–1) and 20% reported a medical history of diabetes. Glucose control in these diabetic patients was poor with 87% having plasma glucose >6·0mmol.l–1and 72% 7·0mmol.l–1. Among the patients interviewed the use of prophylactic drug therapies on admission, at discharge and at interview was as follows: aspirin or other antiplatelets drugs 47%, 90% and 86%; beta-blockers 44%, 66% and 63%; ACE inhibitors 24%, 38% and 38%; and lipid-lowering drugs 26%, 43% and 61%, respectively. With the exception of antiplatelet drugs, wide variations in the use of prophylactic drug therapies exist between countries.
Conclusions This European survey of coronary patients shows a high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, modifiable risk factors and inadequate use of drug therapies to achieve blood pressure and lipid goals. There is considerable potential throughout Europe to raise the standard of preventive cardiology through more effective lifestyle intervention, control of other risk factors and optimal use of prophylactic drug therapies in order to reduce coronary morbidity and mortality.
Key Words: EUROASPIRE, Euro Heart Survey, preventive cardiology, guidelines
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P.J. Marang-van de Mheen, A.H.A. ten Asbroek, L. Bonneux, G.J. Bonsel, and N.S. Klazinga Cost-effectiveness of a family and DNA based screening programme on familial hypercholesterolaemia in The Netherlands Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2002; 23(24): 1922 - 1930. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C-K Wong and H D White Relation between blood pressure after an acute coronary event and subsequent cardiovascular risk Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 555 - 558. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J Amar, B Chamontin, J Ferrieres, N Danchin, O Grenier, C Cantet, and J-P Cambou Hypertension control at hospital discharge after acute coronary event: influence on cardiovascular prognosis--the PREVENIR study Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 587 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D A Wood Preventing clinical heart failure: the rationale and scientific evidence Heart, October 1, 2002; 88(90002): ii15 - 22. [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Wood Guidelines and global risk: a European perspective Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2002; 4(suppl_F): F12 - F18. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F.D.R. Hobbs What should cardiologists be telling general practitioners/family physicians? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2002; 4(suppl_F): F54 - F59. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. A. A. Fox, S. G. Goodman, W. Klein, D. Brieger, P. G. Steg, O. Dabbous, A. Avezum, and GRACE Investigators Management of acute coronary syndromes. Variations in practice and outcome. Findings from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2002; 23(15): 1177 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P G Steg, B Iung, L J Feldman, D Cokkinos, J Deckers, K A A Fox, U Keil, and A P Maggioni Impact of availability and use of coronary interventions on the prescription of aspirin and lipid lowering treatment after acute coronary syndromes Heart, July 1, 2002; 88(1): 20 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Gandjour, F. Kleinschmit, K.W. Lauterbach, and INTERCARE Iternational Investigators European comparison of costs and quality in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (2000-2001) Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2002; 23(11): 858 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W W Klein Current and future relevance of guidelines Heart, June 1, 2002; 87(6): 497 - 500. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. C. Chan, G. F. Watts, P. H. R. Barrett, I. J. Martins, A. P. James, J. C. L. Mamo, T. A. Mori, and T. G. Redgrave Effect of atorvastatin on chylomicron remnant metabolism in visceral obesity: a study employing a new stable isotope breath test J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2002; 43(5): 706 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. C. Chan, G. F. Watts, P. H. R. Barrett, T. A. Mori, L. J. Beilin, and T. G. Redgrave Mechanism of Action of a 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor on Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics in Visceral Obesity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2283 - 2289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.R. Cowie Coronary risk--time for a more sophisticated approach? Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2002; 23(8): 589 - 591. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Corti, V. Fuster, and J.J. Badimon Strategy for ensuring a better future for the vessel wall Eur. Heart J. Suppl., February 1, 2002; 4(suppl_A): A31 - A41. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Ryden, M.L. Simoons, and J.P. Bassand Partnership in cardiovascular medicine. A key to success not only for professional organizations Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2001; 22(20): 1839 - 1843. [PDF]
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