Copyright © 2002 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Do cytokines enable risk stratification to be improved in NYHA functional class III patients?. Comparison with other potential predictors of prognosis
Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Received February 13, 2001; accepted April 25, 2001
Abstract
Aims Elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been reported in patients with congestive heart failure. The purpose of this study was to assess whether cytokines improve risk stratification in a homogenous group of NYHA class III patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40%.
Methods and Results Plasma concentrations of big endothelin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukins -1, -6, -10 and -12, sCD14 and GM-CSF were measured by ELISA in 91 NYHA III patients [mean (SD) age: 55 (10) years, 69% male, 34% coronary artery disease, 66% dilated cardiomyopathy] with a left ventricular ejection fraction and a peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) of 19 (9)% and 12·1 (3·6)ml min–1.kg–1, respectively. During follow-up [22 (13) months], 31 patients (34%) died due to cardiovascular causes. In non-survivors, interleukin-6 was twice as high as in survivors [12·8 (16·9)pg.ml–1vs 5·6(5·3)pg.ml–1,P <0·003], whereas plasma concentrations of the other cytokines showed no significant differences. Concerning long-term survival (
1 year), multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed an independent prognostic power for interleukin-6, which was further improved by combining with left ventricular ejection fraction and peak VO2, while for short-term survival (up to 6 months) interleukin-6 did not allow risk stratification.
Conclusion In NYHA class III patients, plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 are predictive of long-term survival. However, its value may be limited for clinical decision-making for cardiac transplantation (short-term survival).
Key Words: Cytokines, heart failure, interleukin-6, risk stratification
f1 Correspondence: Markus Haass, MD, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 58, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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