Copyright © 2002 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Incidence and clinical significance of distal embolization during primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Isala Klinieken, Hospital De Weezenlanden, Department of Cardiology, Zwolle, The Netherlands
revised September 11, 2001; accepted September 12, 2001
Abstract
Aims Although recognized as an important feature of atherosclerotic coronary disease, little is known about the frequency and prognostic importance of distal embolization during primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.
Methods and Results As part of a randomized trial of thrombolysis vs primary angioplasty, 178 patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated with primary angioplasty. In these patients the occurrence of distal embolization after angioplasty was assessed. Embolization was defined as a distal filling defect with an abrupt cutoff in one of the peripheral coronary artery branches of the infarct-related vessel, distal to the site of angioplasty. We analysed myocardial blush grade, ST-T segment elevation resolution, enzymatic infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with and without distal embolization. Clinical information was collected for a mean of 5 years. Distal embolization was present in 27 patients (15·2%). Mean age and gender were not different from patients without distal embolization. Angiographic success (thrombolyis in myocardial infarction flow grade 3 and residual stenosis <50%) after primary angioplasty was less frequently observed in patients with distal embolization (70% vs 90%,P <0·01). Myocardial blush and ST-T segment elevation resolution after angioplasty were reduced when distal embolization was present. Patients with distal embolization had a larger enzymatic infarct size (mean cumulative lactate dehydrogenase measured over 72h, 1612 vs 847, P<0·05) and a lower left ventricle ejection fraction at discharge (42% vs 51%, P<0·01). Long-term mortality was higher in patients with distal embolization (44% vs 9%, P<0·001).
Conclusion Distal embolization in patients treated with primary angioplasty is visible on the coronary angiogram in 15·2% of patients. It is related to reduced myocardial reperfusion, more extensive myocardial damage and a poor prognosis. Additional pharmacological interventions and/ or mechanical devices should be studied to prevent and/or treat distal embolization. Copyright 2001 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: Primary coronary angioplasty, myocardial infarction, distal embolization, myocardial reperfusion, myocardial blush grade, ST-T segment elevation resolution
f1 Correspondence: Dr F. Zijlstra, Isala Klinieken, Hospital De Weezenlanden, Department of Cardiology, Groot Wezenland 20, 8011 JW Zwolle, The Netherlands.
![]()
CiteULike
Connotea
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
G. Heusch, P. Kleinbongard, D. Bose, B. Levkau, M. Haude, R. Schulz, and R. Erbel Coronary Microembolization: From Bedside to Bench and Back to Bedside Circulation, November 3, 2009; 120(18): 1822 - 1836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. D.E. Haeck, K. T. Koch, L. Bilodeau, R. J. Van der Schaaf, J. P.S. Henriques, M. M. Vis, J. Baan Jr, A. C. Van der Wal, J. J. Piek, J. G.P. Tijssen, et al. Randomized Comparison of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Combined Proximal Embolic Protection and Thrombus Aspiration Versus Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Alone in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The PREPARE (PRoximal Embolic Protection in Acute myocardial infarction and Resolution of ST-Elevation) Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., October 1, 2009; 2(10): 934 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Liistro, S. Grotti, P. Angioli, G. Falsini, K. Ducci, S. Baldassarre, A. Sabini, R. Brandini, E. Capati, and L. Bolognese Impact of Thrombus Aspiration on Myocardial Tissue Reperfusion and Left Ventricular Functional Recovery and Remodeling After Primary Angioplasty Circ Cardiovasc Interv, October 1, 2009; 2(5): 376 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Burzotta, M. De Vita, Y. L. Gu, T. Isshiki, T. Lefevre, A. Kaltoft, D. Dudek, G. Sardella, P. S. Orrego, D. Antoniucci, et al. Clinical impact of thrombectomy in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an individual patient-data pooled analysis of 11 trials Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2009; (2009) ehp348v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. Fokkema, P. J. Vlaar, M. Vogelzang, Y. L. Gu, M. A. Kampinga, B. J. de Smet, G. A. Jessurun, R. L. Anthonio, A. F. van den Heuvel, E.-S. Tan, et al. Effect of High-Dose Intracoronary Adenosine Administration During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial Circ Cardiovasc Interv, August 1, 2009; 2(4): 323 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. Fokkema, P. J. Vlaar, T. Svilaas, M. Vogelzang, D. Amo, G. F.H. Diercks, A. J.H. Suurmeijer, and F. Zijlstra Incidence and clinical consequences of distal embolization on the coronary angiogram after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2009; 30(8): 908 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Srinivasan, C. Rihal, D. R. Holmes, and A. Prasad Adjunctive Thrombectomy and Distal Protection in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Impact on Microvascular Perfusion and Outcomes Circulation, March 10, 2009; 119(9): 1311 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Carlsson, M. Wilson, A. J. Martin, and M. Saeed Myocardial Microinfarction after Coronary Microembolization in Swine: MR Imaging Characterization Radiology, March 1, 2009; 250(3): 703 - 713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Napodano, A. Ramondo, G. Tarantini, D. Peluso, S. Compagno, C. Fraccaro, A. C. Frigo, R. Razzolini, and S. Iliceto Predictors and time-related impact of distal embolization during primary angioplasty Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2009; 30(3): 305 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, D. Dudek, G. Sardella, P. Marino, B. Chevalier, and F. Zijlstra Adjunctive manual thrombectomy improves myocardial perfusion and mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2008; 29(24): 3002 - 3010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. A. Bavry, D. J. Kumbhani, and D. L. Bhatt Role of adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized trials Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2008; 29(24): 2989 - 3001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Burzotta, A. Parma, C. Pristipino, A. Manzoli, F. Belloni, G. Sardella, S. Rigattieri, A. Danesi, P. Mazzarotto, F. Summaria, et al. Angiographic and clinical outcome of invasively managed patients with thrombosed coronary bare metal or drug-eluting stents: the OPTIMIST study Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2008; 29(24): 3011 - 3021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G De Luca, C M Gibson, F Bellandi, S Murphy, M Maioli, M Noc, U Zeymer, D Dudek, H-R Arntz, S Zorman, et al. Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in primary angioplasty (EGYPT) cooperation: an individual patient data meta-analysis Heart, December 1, 2008; 94(12): 1548 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca Adjunctive antithrombotic therapy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2008; 10(suppl_J): J2 - J14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. C.A. Kramer, A. C. van der Wal, K. T. Koch, J. P.H.M. Ploegmakers, R. J. van der Schaaf, J. P.S. Henriques, J. Baan Jr, S. Z.H. Rittersma, M. M. Vis, J. J. Piek, et al. Presence of Older Thrombus Is an Independent Predictor of Long-Term Mortality in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Thrombus Aspiration During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Circulation, October 28, 2008; 118(18): 1810 - 1816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y.L. Gu, M.L. Fokkema, and F. Zijlstra The Emerging Role of Thrombus Aspiration in the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, October 28, 2008; 118(18): 1780 - 1782. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Ikari, M. Sakurada, K. Kozuma, S. Kawano, T. Katsuki, K. Kimura, T. Suzuki, T. Yamashita, A. Takizawa, K. Misumi, et al. Upfront Thrombus Aspiration in Primary Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: Report of the VAMPIRE (VAcuuM asPIration thrombus REmoval) Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., August 1, 2008; 1(4): 424 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. W. Stone Angioplasty Strategies in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Part II: Intervention After Fibrinolytic Therapy, Integrated Treatment Recommendations, and Future Directions Circulation, July 29, 2008; 118(5): 552 - 566. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Goyal and S. R. Punnam Noninvasive Risk Assessment Early After a Myocardial Infarction: Are We Looking at the Right Indicators? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 13, 2008; 51(19): 1910 - 1910. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Kelbaek, C. J. Terkelsen, S. Helqvist, J. F. Lassen, P. Clemmensen, L. Klovgaard, A. Kaltoft, T. Engstrom, H. E. Botker, K. Saunamaki, et al. Randomized comparison of distal protection versus conventional treatment in primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the drug elution and distal protection in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (DEDICATION) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 4, 2008; 51(9): 899 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A Gorog and I. Malik Clot removal in AMI--worth the hassle? Heart, March 1, 2008; 94(3): 258 - 259. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Svilaas, P. J. Vlaar, I. C. van der Horst, G. F.H. Diercks, B. J.G.L. de Smet, A. F.M. van den Heuvel, R. L. Anthonio, G. A. Jessurun, E.-S. Tan, A. J.H. Suurmeijer, et al. Thrombus Aspiration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention N. Engl. J. Med., February 7, 2008; 358(6): 557 - 567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Tricoci, Y. Lokhnygina, L. G. Berdan, S. R. Steinhubl, D. C. Gulba, H. D. White, N. S. Kleiman, P. E. Aylward, A. Langer, R. M. Califf, et al. Time to Coronary Angiography and Outcomes Among Patients With High-Risk Non ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results From the SYNERGY Trial Circulation, December 4, 2007; 116(23): 2669 - 2677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Kawaguchi, S. Oshima, M. Jingu, H. Tsurugaya, T. Toyama, H. Hoshizaki, and K. Taniguchi Usefulness of Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound to Predict Distal Embolization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 23, 2007; 50(17): 1641 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Zalewski, A. Undas, J. Godlewski, E. Stepien, and K. Zmudka No-Reflow Phenomenon After Acute Myocardial Infarction Is Associated With Reduced Clot Permeability and Susceptibility to Lysis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2007; 27(10): 2258 - 2265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. T. Dirksen, G. J. Laarman, M. L. Simoons, and D. J.G.M. Duncker Reperfusion injury in humans: A review of clinical trials on reperfusion injury inhibitory strategies Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2007; 74(3): 343 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Sezer, H. Oflaz, T. Goren, I. Okcular, B. Umman, Y. Nisanci, A. K. Bilge, Y. Sanli, M. Meric, and S. Umman Intracoronary Streptokinase after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention N. Engl. J. Med., May 3, 2007; 356(18): 1823 - 1834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. J. Piek Beyond Epicardial Reperfusion N. Engl. J. Med., May 3, 2007; 356(18): 1880 - 1882. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Silva-Orrego, P. Colombo, R. Bigi, D. Gregori, A. Delgado, P. Salvade, J. Oreglia, P. Orrico, A. de Biase, G. Piccalo, et al. Thrombus Aspiration Before Primary Angioplasty Improves Myocardial Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The DEAR-MI (Dethrombosis to Enhance Acute Reperfusion in Myocardial Infarction) Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 17, 2006; 48(8): 1552 - 1559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Galiuto, B. Garramone, F. Burzotta, A. Lombardo, S. Barchetta, A. G. Rebuzzi, F. Crea, and on behalf of the REMEDIA Investigators Thrombus Aspiration Reduces Microvascular Obstruction After Primary Coronary Intervention: A Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Substudy of the REMEDIA Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 3, 2006; 48(7): 1355 - 1360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Kaltoft, M. Bottcher, S. S. Nielsen, H.-H. T. Hansen, C. Terkelsen, M. Maeng, J. Kristensen, L. Thuesen, L. R. Krusell, S. D. Kristensen, et al. Routine Thrombectomy in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Circulation, July 4, 2006; 114(1): 40 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G De Luca, H Suryapranata, and M Chiariello Aspiration thrombectomy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention Heart, July 1, 2006; 92(7): 867 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
U. Limbruno and R. De Caterina EMERALD, AIMI, and PROMISE: is there still a potential for embolic protection in primary PCI? Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2006; 27(10): 1139 - 1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Boersma and The Primary Coronary Angioplasty vs. Thrombolysis Does time matter? A pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction patients Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2006; 27(7): 779 - 788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, H. Suryapranata, G. W. Stone, D. Antoniucci, J. E. Tcheng, F.-J. Neumann, E. Bonizzoni, E. J. Topol, and M. Chiariello Relationship Between Patient's Risk Profile and Benefits in Mortality From Adjunctive Abciximab to Mechanical Revascularization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Trials J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 7, 2006; 47(3): 685 - 686. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Terkelsen, B. L. Norgaard, J. F. Lassen, S. H. Poulsen, J. C. Gerdes, E. Sloth, L. B.-H. Gotzsche, F. K. Romer, L. Thuesen, T. T. Nielsen, et al. Potential significance of spontaneous and interventional ST-changes in patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: observations from the ST-MONitoring in Acute Myocardial Infarction study (The MONAMI study) Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2006; 27(3): 267 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Gorog, R. A. Foale, and I. Malik Distal Myocardial Protection During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: When and Where? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 18, 2005; 46(8): 1434 - 1445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ferenc and F.-J. Neumann Efficacy of primary PCI: the microvessel perspective Eur. Heart J. Suppl., October 1, 2005; 7(suppl_I): I4 - I9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Dudek, W. Mielecki, A. Dziewierz, J. Legutko, and J. S. Dubiel The role of thrombectomy and embolic protection devices Eur. Heart J. Suppl., October 1, 2005; 7(suppl_I): I15 - I20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Gick, N. Jander, H.-P. Bestehorn, R.-P. Kienzle, M. Ferenc, K. Werner, T. Comberg, K. Peitz, D. Zohlnhofer, V. Bassignana, et al. Randomized Evaluation of the Effects of Filter-Based Distal Protection on Myocardial Perfusion and Infarct Size After Primary Percutaneous Catheter Intervention in Myocardial Infarction With and Without ST-Segment Elevation Circulation, September 6, 2005; 112(10): 1462 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, H. Suryapranata, R. Grimaldi, and M. Chiariello Coronary stenting and abciximab in primary angioplasty for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction QJM, September 1, 2005; 98(9): 633 - 641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Lefevre, E. Garcia, B. Reimers, I. Lang, C. di Mario, A. Colombo, F.-J. Neumann, M. V. Chavarri, P. Brunel, E. Grube, et al. X-Sizer for Thrombectomy in Acute Myocardial Infarction Improves ST-Segment Resolution: Results of the X-Sizer in AMI for Negligible Embolization and Optimal ST Resolution (X AMINE ST) Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 19, 2005; 46(2): 246 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Baks, R.-J. van Geuns, E. Biagini, P. Wielopolski, N. R. Mollet, F. Cademartiri, E. Boersma, W. J. van der Giessen, G. P. Krestin, D. J. Duncker, et al. Recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2005; 26(11): 1070 - 1077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H Suryapranata, G De Luca, A W J van 't Hof, J P Ottervanger, J C A Hoorntje, J-H E Dambrink, A T M Gosselink, F Zijlstra, and M-J de Boer Is routine stenting for acute myocardial infarction superior to balloon angioplasty? A randomised comparison in a large cohort of unselected patients Heart, May 1, 2005; 91(5): 641 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, H. Suryapranata, G. W. Stone, D. Antoniucci, J. E. Tcheng, F.-J. Neumann, F. Van de Werf, E. M. Antman, and E. J. Topol Abciximab as Adjunctive Therapy to Reperfusion in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials JAMA, April 13, 2005; 293(14): 1759 - 1765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, A. W.J. van 't Hof, J. P. Ottervanger, J. C.A. Hoorntje, A.T. M. Gosselink, J.-H. E. Dambrink, M.-J. de Boer, and H. Suryapranata Ageing, impaired myocardial perfusion, and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2005; 26(7): 662 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Agewall How should we evaluate an open artery in STEMI patients? Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2005; 26(7): 634 - 636. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Z.H. Rittersma, A. C. van der Wal, K. T. Koch, J. J. Piek, J. P.S. Henriques, K. J. Mulder, J. P.H.M. Ploegmakers, M. Meesterman, and R. J. de Winter Plaque Instability Frequently Occurs Days or Weeks Before Occlusive Coronary Thrombosis: A Pathological Thrombectomy Study in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Circulation, March 8, 2005; 111(9): 1160 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. W. Stone, J. Webb, D. A. Cox, B. R. Brodie, M. Qureshi, A. Kalynych, M. Turco, H. P. Schultheiss, D. Dulas, B. D. Rutherford, et al. Distal Microcirculatory Protection During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, March 2, 2005; 293(9): 1063 - 1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, A. W.J van't Hof, M.-J. de Boer, J. P. Ottervanger, J. C.A Hoorntje, A.T.M. Gosselink, J.-H. E Dambrink, F. Zijlstra, and H. Suryapranata Time-to-treatment significantly affects the extent of ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2004; 25(12): 1009 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, N. Ernst, F. Zijlstra, A. W. J. van't Hof, J. C. A. Hoorntje, J.-H. E. Dambrink, A. T. M. Gosslink, M.-J. de Boer, and H. Suryapranata Preprocedural TIMI flow and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 21, 2004; 43(8): 1363 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, H. Suryapranata, J. P. Ottervanger, and E. M. Antman Time Delay to Treatment and Mortality in Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Every Minute of Delay Counts Circulation, March 16, 2004; 109(10): 1223 - 1225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, A. W.J. van't Hof, M.-J. de Boer, J. C.A. Hoorntje, A.T. M. Gosselink, J.-H. E. Dambrink, J. P. Ottervanger, F. Zijlstra, and H. Suryapranata Impaired Myocardial Perfusion Is a Major Explanation of the Poor Outcome Observed in Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Signs of Heart Failure Circulation, March 2, 2004; 109(8): 958 - 961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. T Dirksen, G. Laarman, A. W.J van 't Hof, G. Guagliumi, W. A.L Tonino, L. Tavazzi, D. J.G.M Duncker, M. L Simoons, and on behalf of the PARI-MI Investigators The effect of ITF-1697 on reperfusion in patients undergoing primary angioplasty: Safety and efficacy of a novel tetrapeptide, ITF-1697 Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2004; 25(5): 392 - 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. J. Gomes, O. Giannotti-Filho, R. P. Paez, N. A. Hossne Jr, R. Catani, and E. Buffolo Coronary artery and myocardial inflammatory reaction induced by intracoronary stent Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2003; 76(5): 1528 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Napodano, G. Pasquetto, S. Sacca, C. Cernetti, V. Scarabeo, P. Pascotto, and B. Reimers Intracoronary thrombectomy improves myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 15, 2003; 42(8): 1395 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. De Luca, H. Suryapranata, F. Zijlstra, A. W. J. van't Hof, J. C. A. Hoorntje, A. T. M. Gosselink, J.-H. Dambrink, M.-J. de Boer, and ZWOLLE Myocardial Infarction Study Group Symptom-onset-to-balloon time and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 17, 2003; 42(6): 991 - 997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
U. Limbruno, A. Micheli, M. De Carlo, G. Amoroso, R. Rossini, C. Palagi, V. Di Bello, A. S. Petronio, G. Fontanini, and M. Mariani Mechanical Prevention of Distal Embolization During Primary Angioplasty: Safety, Feasibility, and Impact on Myocardial Reperfusion Circulation, July 15, 2003; 108(2): 171 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. P.S. Henriques, F. Zijlstra, A. W.J. van 't Hof, M.-J. de Boer, J.-H. E. Dambrink, M. Gosselink, J. C.A. Hoorntje, and H. Suryapranata Angiographic Assessment of Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction by Myocardial Blush Grade Circulation, April 29, 2003; 107(16): 2115 - 2119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Widimsky Reperfusion damage or no-reflow damage in primary coronary interventions in acute myocardial infarction? Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2002; 23(14): 1076 - 1078. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||













