Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Preclinical research
Tissue Doppler imaging detects early asymptomatic myocardial abnormalities in a dog model of Duchenne's cardiomyopathy
a INSERM E0001, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
b Neurology Unit, National Veterinary School of Alfort, France
c INSERM U644, Rouen, France
d INSERM E0226, Lyon, France
Received June 25, 2004; revised August 26, 2004; accepted September 3, 2004 * Corresponding author. Present address: Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. Tel.: +33 6 12 11 43 87; fax: +33 1 43 96 70 78 (E-mail: vchetboul{at}vet-alfort.fr).
See page 1865 for the editorial comment on this article (doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.08.013)
AIMS: Early diagnosis of Duchenne's dilated cardiomyopathy remains a challenge for conventional echocardiography. We sought to determine whether tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) could detect early alteration in myocardial function in a dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, i.e. the Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD).
METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial function was assessed by TDI in 20 dogs with normal conventional parameters of systolic function (eight controls and 12 GRMD, 25±11 weeks) without knowledge of the genotype. M-mode TDI was recorded from a short-axis view for measurement of endocardial and epicardial velocities and myocardial velocity gradient (MVG) within the posterior wall.
Controls and GRMD dogs were comparable regarding left ventricular fractional shortening (37±2 vs 42±3%, p=ns). Conversely, TDI showed, in all GRMD dogs, a dramatic decrease in systolic MVG (0.8±0.1 vs 2.9±0.3 s–1, p<0.0001) and early diastolic MVG (2.3±2.2 vs 10.8±1.1 s–1, p<0.0001). This MVG alteration was related to a significant decrease in endocardial velocities in GRMD whereas epicardial velocities were comparable in the two groups.
CONCLUSION: These results show that TDI is more sensitive than conventional echocardiography in detecting pre-clinical myocardial abnormalities before occurrence of left ventricular dilation and dysfunction. TDI should be part of the screening techniques for the early diagnosis of cardiomyopathy.
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