Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Clinical research
Overall alcohol intake, beer, wine, and systemic markers of inflammation in western Europe: results from three MONICA samples (Augsburg, Glasgow, Lille)
a Dept. of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
b The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia
c GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
d Inserm U508, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
e Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Received June 3, 2004; revised September 27, 2004; accepted September 30, 2004 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 731 500 24465; fax: +49 731 500 33872 (E-mail: wolfgang.koenig{at}medizin.uni-ulm.de).
See page 2075 for the editorial comment on this article (doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.09.029)
AIM: Anti-inflammatory effects of moderate alcohol consumption have been proposed to explain why moderate alcohol intake lowers coronary heart disease risk. We investigated the relationship between overall alcohol, beer or wine consumption and markers of systemic inflammation in three different geographical areas in Europe.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Cross-sectional samples, each representative of the general population from Germany, Scotland, and France (MONICA Augsburg 1994/95, 2275 men and 2186 women, 25–74 years; Glasgow MONICA 1994/95, 561/616, 25–74 years, and MONICA Lille 1994/95, 581/574, 35–64 years) were studied. Alcohol intake was assessed by standardized interview. Adjusted means of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma viscosity (PV), and albumin were calculated among categories of alcohol intake, and separately for beer or wine consumption, by multiple linear regression. Self-reported moderate daily alcohol intake up to 40 g was associated with lower concentrations of CRP, fibrinogen, PV and WBC count, compared to non-drinking and heavy drinking, even after adjustment for various potential confounders.
CONCLUSIONS: Moderate consumption of either wine or beer is associated with lower levels of systemic inflammatory markers in three different European areas, suggesting that ethanol itself might be largely responsible for the potential anti-inflammatory effects of these beverages.
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