Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Clinical research
Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland
a Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, PL 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
b Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
c Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
d Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
e Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
f Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, LA, USA
Received 7 April 2004; revised 30 September 2004; accepted 5 October 2004 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +358 50 352 0818; fax: +358 17 162 937 (E-mail: noel.barengo{at}uku.fi).
See page 2183 for the editorial comment on this article (doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.10.014)
AIMS: To investigate separately for men and women whether moderate or high leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity, and commuting activity are associated with a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, independent of CVD risk factors and other forms of physical activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective follow-up of 15,853 men and 16,824 women aged 30–59 years living in eastern and south-western Finland (median follow-up time 20 years). CVD and all-cause mortality were lower (9–21%) in men and women (2–17%) who were moderately or highly physically active during leisure time. Moderate and high levels of occupational physical activity decreased CVD and all-cause mortality by 21–27% in both sexes. Women spending daily 15 min or more in walking or cycling to and from work had a reduced CVD and all-cause mortality before adjustment for occupational and leisure time physical activity. Commuting activity was not associated with CVD or all-cause mortality in men.
CONCLUSION: Moderate and high levels of leisure time and occupational physical activity are associated with a reduced CVD and all-cause mortality among both sexes. Promoting already moderate levels of leisure time and occupational physical activity are essential to prevent premature CVD and all-cause mortality.
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