European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on April 14, 2005
European Heart Journal 2005 26(15):1461-1474; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi258
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies
1Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstrasse 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
2The Duke Cardiovascular MR Centre, Durham, NC, USA
Received 31 December 2004; revised 26 February 2005; accepted 15 March 2005; online publish-ahead-of-print 14 April 2005.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +49 711 8101 3456; fax: +49 711 8101 3790. E-mail address: heiko.mahrholdt{at}rbk.de
Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies (NICMs) are chronic, progressive myocardial diseases with distinct patterns of morphological, functional, and electrophysiological changes. In the setting of cardiomyopathy (CM), determining the exact aetiology is important because the aetiology is directly related to treatment and patient survival. Determining the exact aetiology, however, can be difficult using currently available imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, radionuclide imaging or X-ray coronary angiography, since overlap of features between CMs may be encountered.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has recently emerged as a new non-invasive imaging modality capable of providing high-resolution images of the heart in any desired plane. Delayed contrast enhanced CMR (DE-CMR) can be used for non-invasive tissue characterization and may hold promise in differentiating ischaemic from NICMs, as the typical pattern of hyperenhancement can be classified as ‘ischaemic-type’ or ‘non-ischaemic type’ on the basis of pathophysiology of ischaemia.
This article reviews the potential of DE-CMR to distinguish between ischaemic and NICM as well as to differentiate non-ischaemic aetiologies. Rather than simply describing various hyperenhancement patterns that may occur in different disease states, our goal will be (i) to provide an overall imaging approach for the diagnosis of CM and (ii) to demonstrate how this approach is based on the underlying relationships between contrast enhancement and myocardial pathophysiology.
Key Words: CMR • Cardiomyopathy • MRI • Contrast enhancement • Delayed enhancement
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Steen, C. Merten, S. Refle, R. Klingenberg, T. Dengler, E. Giannitsis, and H. A. Katus Prevalence of Different Gadolinium Enhancement Patterns in Patients After Heart Transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 30, 2008; 52(14): 1160 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Eitel, F. Behrendt, K. Schindler, D. Kivelitz, M. Gutberlet, G. Schuler, and H. Thiele Differential diagnosis of suspected apical ballooning syndrome using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Eur. Heart J., September 27, 2008; (2008) ehn433v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Maron, E. Appelbaum, C. J. Harrigan, J. Buros, C. M. Gibson, C. Hanna, J. R. Lesser, J. E. Udelson, W. J. Manning, and B. J. Maron Clinical Profile and Significance of Delayed Enhancement in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circ Heart Fail, September 1, 2008; 1(3): 184 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Schietinger, G. M. Brammer, H. Wang, J. M. Christopher, K. W. Kwon, A. J. Mangrum, J. M. Mangrum, and C. M. Kramer Patterns of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., July 1, 2008; 1(4): 450 - 456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chan, F. Khafagi, A. A. Young, B. R. Cowan, C. Thompson, and T. H. Marwick Impact of coronary revascularization and transmural extent of scar on regional left ventricular remodelling Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2008; 29(13): 1608 - 1617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Thebault, R. Ollivier, G. Leurent, P. Marcorelles, B. Langella, and E. Donal Mitochondriopathy: a rare aetiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy Eur J Echocardiogr, June 25, 2008; (2008) jen189v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Adabag, B. J. Maron, E. Appelbaum, C. J. Harrigan, J. L. Buros, C. M. Gibson, J. R. Lesser, C. A. Hanna, J. E. Udelson, W. J. Manning, et al. Occurrence and Frequency of Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Relation to Delayed Enhancement on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 8, 2008; 51(14): 1369 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Germans and A. C van Rossum The use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to determine the aetiology of left ventricular disease and cardiomyopathy Heart, April 1, 2008; 94(4): 510 - 518. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Vogelsberg, H. Mahrholdt, C. C. Deluigi, A. Yilmaz, E. M. Kispert, S. Greulich, K. Klingel, R. Kandolf, and U. Sechtem Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in clinically suspected cardiac amyloidosis: noninvasive imaging compared to endomyocardial biopsy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 11, 2008; 51(10): 1022 - 1030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Kim, T. S.E. Albert, J. H. Wible, M. D. Elliott, J. C. Allen, J. C. Lee, M. Parker, A. Napoli, R. M. Judd, and for the Gadoversetamide Myocardial Infarction Imag Performance of Delayed-Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Gadoversetamide Contrast for the Detection and Assessment of Myocardial Infarction: An International, Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized Trial Circulation, February 5, 2008; 117(5): 629 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Karamitsos, J. R. Arnold, S. Neubauer, and S. E. Petersen Redefining cardiomyopathies: the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2007; 28(24): 3094 - 3095. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Agabiti-Rosei, M. L. Muiesan, and M. Salvetti Review: New approaches to the assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, December 1, 2007; 1(2): 119 - 128. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Hansen and N. Merchant MRI of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Part I, MRI Appearances Am. J. Roentgenol., December 1, 2007; 189(6): 1335 - 1343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Hansen and N. Merchant MRI of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Part 2, Differential Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Posttreatment MRI Appearances Am. J. Roentgenol., December 1, 2007; 189(6): 1344 - 1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U Sechtem, H Mahrholdt, and H Vogelsberg Cardiac magnetic resonance in myocardial disease Heart, December 1, 2007; 93(12): 1520 - 1527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Selvanayagam, P. N. Hawkins, B. Paul, S. G. Myerson, and S. Neubauer Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Amyloidosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 27, 2007; 50(22): 2101 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. B. Marcu, A. M. Beek, and A. C. van Rossum Clinical applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Can. Med. Assoc. J., October 10, 2006; 175(8): 911 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Mahrholdt, A. Wagner, C. C. Deluigi, E. Kispert, S. Hager, G. Meinhardt, H. Vogelsberg, P. Fritz, J. Dippon, C. -T. Bock, et al. Presentation, Patterns of Myocardial Damage, and Clinical Course of Viral Myocarditis Circulation, October 10, 2006; 114(15): 1581 - 1590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Voskuyl The heart and cardiovascular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology, October 1, 2006; 45(suppl_4): iv4 - iv7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Yan, A. J. Shayne, K. A. Brown, S. N. Gupta, C. W. Chan, T. M. Luu, M. F. Di Carli, H. G. Reynolds, W. G. Stevenson, and R. Y. Kwong Characterization of the Peri-Infarct Zone by Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is a Powerful Predictor of Post-Myocardial Infarction Mortality Circulation, July 4, 2006; 114(1): 32 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Ridocci, C. J. Soriano, and J. Estornell Imaging approach to the assessment of cardiomyopathies using delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance Eur. Heart J., December 1, 2005; 26(23): 2601 - 2602. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Mahrholdt, U. Sechtem, and R. J. Kim Imaging approach to the assessment of cardiomyopathies using delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance: reply Eur. Heart J., December 1, 2005; 26(23): 2602 - 2602. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|