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European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on June 29, 2005
European Heart Journal 2005 26(19):2018-2025; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi394
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study

Timo A. Lakka1,2,3,*, Hanna-Maaria Lakka1, Tuomo Rankinen1, Arthur S. Leon4, D.C. Rao5,6,7, James S. Skinner8, Jack H. Wilmore9 and Claude Bouchard1

1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
2Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
3Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
4School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
5Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
6Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
7Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
8Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
9Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA

Received 1 February 2005; revised 1 June 2005; accepted 9 June 2005; online publish-ahead-of-print 29 June 2005.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +358 17 163082; fax: +358 17 163112. E-mail address: timo.lakka{at}uku.fi

See page 1939 for the editorial comment on this article (doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi449)

Aims To study the effect of exercise training on plasma C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation.

Methods and results We performed a 20 week standardized exercise training programme in 652 sedentary healthy white and black men and women. C-reactive protein was measured with a high sensitivity assay. The study sample was stratified according to baseline C-reactive protein levels using a recommended classification (low <1.0 mg/L, n=265; moderate 1.0–3.0 mg/L, n=225; high >3.0 mg/L, n=162). The median C-reactive protein reduction was 1.34 mg/L in the high baseline C-reactive protein group. C-reactive protein levels did not change in the low or moderate baseline C-reactive protein groups. The difference among the C-reactive protein groups was significant adjusting for all correlates of baseline C-reactive protein (P<0.001) and additionally for changes in body weight, glucose, insulin, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (P<0.001). The C-reactive protein reduction in the high baseline C-reactive protein group was consistent across all population groups (P<0.001 for difference among baseline C-reactive protein groups).

Conclusion Plasma C-reactive protein levels are reduced in response to exercise training in sedentary healthy adults with high initial C-reactive protein levels. This finding may partly explain the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Key Words: Exercise • C-reactive protein • Inflammation • Cardiovascular disease • Type 2 diabetes • Obesity


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