European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on September 26, 2006
European Heart Journal 2006 27(22):2696-2702; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl278
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Residence close to high traffic and prevalence of coronary heart disease
1 Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
2 Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
3 Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
4 West German Heart Center Essen, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
5 Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research at the, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
6 Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Received 3 March 2006; revised 7 September 2006; accepted 11 September 2006; online publish-ahead-of-print 26 September 2006.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +49 201 723 4463; fax: +49 201 723 5933. E-mail address: barbara.hoffmann{at}uk-essen.de
See page 2621 for the editorial comment on this article (doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl319)
Aims Long-term exposure to urban air pollution may accelerate atherogenesis and increase cardiopulmonary mortality. We aim to examine the relationship between the long-term residential exposure to traffic and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods and results We used baseline data from the German Heinz Nixdorf RECALL study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. For 3399 participants from two cities, we assessed the long-term personal traffic exposure and background air pollution, comparing residents living within 150 m of major roads with those living further away. The principal outcome variable was clinically manifest CHD. We evaluated the association with multivariable logistic regression, controlling for background air pollution and individual level risk factors. Of 3399 participants, 242 (7.1%) had CHD. The crude odds ratio (OR) for prevalence of CHD at high traffic exposure was significantly elevated (1.62, 95%CI 1.12–2.34) and rose to 1.85 (95%CI 1.21–2.84) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and background air pollution. Subgroup analysis showed stronger effects for men (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.44–3.78), participants younger than 60 years (OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.24–5.74) and never-smokers (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.40–5.29).
Conclusion This study provides epidemiological evidence that the long-term exposure to traffic-related emissions may be an important risk factor for CHD.
Key Words: Coronary disease • Epidemiology • Risk factors • Air pollution • Traffic emissions
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