European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on February 5, 2007
European Heart Journal 2007 28(14):1746-1749; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl438
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Role of the implantable defibrillator among elderly patients with a history of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
1 Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences—General Site, McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E amilton, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada L8L 2X2
2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
3 Allgemeines Krankenhaus, St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
4 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
5 Henderson Research Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Received 6 July 2006; revised 11 October 2006; accepted 24 November 2006; online publish-ahead-of-print 5 February 2007.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +1 905 577 8004; fax: +1 905 521 8820.E-mail address: healey{at}hhsc.ca
See page 1665 for the editorial comment on this article (doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl549)
Aims: The implantable defibrillator (ICD) reduces arrhythmic and all-cause mortality in patients with a history of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. However, its effectiveness in elderly patients is uncertain, given their competing risk of non-arrhythmic death.
Methods and results: Individual patient data from all three secondary prevention trials comparing the ICD to amiodarone were pooled. Patients were divided into two groups based on age < 75 and 
75 years. Patient characteristics were reported and the effect of the ICD on all-cause mortality and arrhythmic death was determined for each group. The effect of age on these outcomes was determined by evaluating the interaction term (age-treatment). A total of 1866 patients were included in this analysis. Their mean age was 63.7 ± 10.4 years (intra-quartile range 58–71 years). There were 252 patients 75 years old (13.5% of total). Patients 75 years old had a similar left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF)(32.6 ± 13.7 vs. 33.8 ± 14.9%, P = 0.20) and baseline prevalence of NYHA class 3 or 4 heart (12.3 vs. 11.8%, P = 0.38) failure as younger patients, but were less likely to have ventricular fibrillation as their presenting arrhythmia (39 vs. 53%, P = 0.0001). Over a mean follow-up of 2.3 years, older patients were more likely to die of non-arrhythmic death (8.74% per year vs. 3.96% per year, P = 0.001) and arrhythmic death (6.73% per year vs. 3.84% per year, P = 0.03). The ICD significantly reduced all-cause and arrhythmic death in patients < 75 years old (all-cause death HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56–0.85, P < 0.0001; arrhythmic death HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.32–0.62, P < 0.0001), but not in patients 75 years old (all-cause death HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.69–1.64, P = 0.79; arrhythmic death HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.42–1.95, P = 0.79). The interaction between age 75 and ICD use was of borderline significance in each case (P = 0.09 and P = 0.11, respectively).
Conclusion: Elderly patients with a history of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias have a high incidence of non-arrhythmic death. In these patients, the ICD may not afford the same survival advantage over amiodarone that is seen in younger patients. ICD therapy should not be withheld based on age alone; however, physicians should carefully consider the risk of non-arrhythmic death among elderly patients when selecting the appropriate therapy for an individual.
Key Words: Implantable defibrillator • Ventricular tachycardia • Cardiac arrest • Mortality • Elderly
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