Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Cardiology.
ESC Expert consensus document
Expert consensus document on ß-adrenergic receptor blockers
The Task Force on Beta-Blockers of the European Society of Cardiology
Task Force Members,
ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG),
Document Reviewers,
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Preamble
Guidelines and Expert Consensus documents aim to present all the relevant evidence on a particular issue in order to help physicians to weigh the benefits and risks of a particular diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. They should be helpful in everyday clinical decision-making.
A great number of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and by different organisations and other related societies. This profusion can put at stake the authority and validity of guidelines, which can only be guaranteed if they have been developed by an unquestionable decision-making process. This is one of the reasons why the ESC and others have issued recommendations for formulating and issuing Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents.
In spite of the fact that standards for issuing good quality Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents are well defined, recent surveys of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents published
Classes of Recommendations
Levels of Evidence
Introduction
Pharmacology
Definition
Classification of 
-blockers
Pharmacokinetic properties
Lipophilic drugs
Hydrophilic drugs
Balanced clearance drugs
Mechanism of action
Adverse events
Cardiovascular
Metabolic
Pulmonary
Central effects
Sexual dysfunction
Contraindications
Drug interactions
Dosing of -blockers
Clinical efficacy and use
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction
Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Chronic, stable ischaemic heart disease
Heart failure
Heart failure and preserved systolic function
Acute heart failure
Arrhythmias (Table 10)
Sinus tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardias
Tachycardias in WPW syndrome
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Prevention
Control of heart rate
Conversion to sinus rhythm
Ventricular arrhythmias
Prevention of sudden cardiac death
Acute myocardial infarction
Heart failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve prolapse
Myocardial bridging
Long QT syndrome (LQTS)
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
SCD in the normal heart
Other situations
Hypertension
Aortic dissection
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Prophylactic use in non-cardiac surgery
Vasovagal syncope
ß-blockers during pregnancy
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