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European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on July 15, 2005
European Heart Journal 2005 26(18):1820-1821; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi415
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

The whole is greater than its parts

Romualdo Belardinelli*

Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Preventiva, Ospedale Cardiologico GM Lancisi, Ancona, Italy

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: r.belardinelli@fastnet.it

This editorial refers to ‘Psychological distress and cardiovascular disease: results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey’{dagger} by A.K. Ferketich et al., on page 1923

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Many psychosocial factors have been identified as potential risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, and strong evidence has been put forward for several personality factors such as Type A behavioural pattern, hostility, depression, or social factors such as low socioeconomic status and lack of social support.1–9 (Table 1) Psychosocial stressors per se increase cardiac vulnerability by altering autonomic tone, and induce increased catecholamines spillover, baroreceptor reflexes inhibition, clotting formation, and angiotensin-II stimulation. All these responses have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system and may explain the high incidence of adverse cardiac events during follow-up. Associations between depressive symptoms and mortality have been reported in patients without known coronary artery disease, but these reported associations were, in general, weaker than those . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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Related articles in EHJ:

Psychological distress and cardiovascular disease: results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey
Amy K. Ferketich and Philip F. Binkley
EHJ 2005 26: 1923-1929. [Abstract] [FREE Full Text]  



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I. Lesman-Leegte, T. Jaarsma, and D. J. van Veldhuisen
Psychological distress and cardiovascular disease
Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2006; 27(9): 1123 - 1123.
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