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European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on August 25, 2005
European Heart Journal 2005 26(21):2220-2221; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi470
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Screening for cardiovascular disease using B-type natriuretic peptides: detecting an imbalance of the four humours

David W. Markham and James A. de Lemos*

Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

* Corresponding author: Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5909 Harry Hines Boulevard, Room HA9.133, Dallas, TX 75390-9047, USA. Tel: +1 214 645 7500; fax: +1 214 645 7501. E-mail address: james.delemos@utsouthwestern.edu

This editorial refers to ‘What is the normal range for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide? How well does this normal range screen for cardiovascular disease?’{dagger} by G.I.W. Galasko et al., on page 2269

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Ancient Greek philosophy and medicine described four humours that permeated the body: phlegm (associated with phlegmatic temperament), black bile (melancholic), yellow bile (choleric), and blood (sanguine). Hippocrates, Galen, and others believed imbalances, or ‘dyskrasia’ of the humours led to various human disease states. A healthy person was thought to have ‘eukrasia’, or a proper balance of the humours. Obviously, the ancients did not have specific measurable markers to test for these imbalances, so they relied on physical observation and retrospective analysis to decide why and how certain patients became ill. Over the centuries, physicians and scientists have sought simple ways to define and describe dyskrasias through specific markers. Could the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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Related articles in EHJ:

What is the normal range for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide? How well does this normal range screen for cardiovascular disease?
Gavin I.W. Galasko, Avijit Lahiri, Sophie C. Barnes, Paul Collinson, and Roxy Senior
EHJ 2005 26: 2269-2276. [Abstract] [FREE Full Text]