European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on November 2, 2005
European Heart Journal 2006 27(1):116-117; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi633
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Role of dendritic cells in specific atherosclerosis types: reply
St Vincent's Hospital
School of Medical Sciences
University of New South Wales
Sydney
NSW 2052
Australia
Tel: +612 8382 2395
Fax: +612 9314 7654
E-mail address: y.bobryshev{at}unsw.edu.au
In the article entitled ‘Dendritic cells in atherosclerosis: current status of the problem and clinical relevance’, I have reviewed the current knowledge relating to the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in atherosclerosis. The studies of the involvement of DCs in other vascular diseases, such as aortic aneurysm1 and vasculitis,2,3 as well as the studies of DCs in venous pathologies have not been highlighted in the review. The acknowledgement of the studies of DCs in aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts, vascular synthetic grafts,4 in-stent restenosis (ISR),5 and in arteries after balloon injury 6 has been beyond the scope of the review.
Over the last decades, the properties of DCs were intensely studied and much knowledge has been gained about the role of DCs in various diseases and health conditions where the immune system is involved. In contrast, studies investigating a possible contribution of DCs in health conditions where the immune system is not involved or is minimally involved are scanty. In this respect, the works of Bauriedel and co-workers5,6 are of special interest and importance. Bauriedel et al.6 have shown that, in early stages of neointima formation, DCs may provide coordinated anti-apoptotic signals that are essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity of the arterial wall, while neointimal tissue consolidation occurs. Bauriedel and co-workers5 have also identified DCs in human ISR atherectomy tissue samples, and it has been shown that the frequency of DCs in tissue samples obtained from patients with clinical ISR was markedly higher than those in tissue samples representing de novo lesions.5
The study of DCs in vascular pathologies is in its infancy. Experimental studies have shown that there is a link between arterial immune inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia, mediated by DCs, and that dislipidaemia associated with atherosclerotic disease systemically alters the DC function. As highlighted in the review, the accumulated evidence indicates that DCs might be importantly involved in plaque destabilization. I agree with Bauriedel and co-workers that the impact of DCs on plaque destabilization requires clarification.
References
- Bobryshev YV, Lord RS, Parsson H. Immunophenotypic analysis of the aortic aneurysm wall suggests that vascular dendritic cells are involved in immune responses. Cardiovasc Surg 1998;6:240–249.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Krupa WM, Dewan M, Jeon MS, Kurtin PJ, Younge BR, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Trapping of misdirected dendritic cells in the granulomatous lesions of giant cell arteritis. Am J Pathol 2002;161:1815–1823.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Inder SJ, Bobryshev YV, Cherian SM, Wang AY, Lord RS, Masuda K, Yutani C. Immunophenotypic analysis of the aortic wall in Takayasu's arteritis: involvement of lymphocytes, dendritic cells and granulocytes in immuno-inflammatory reactions. Cardiovasc Surg 2000;8:141–148.[CrossRef][Medline]
- Inder SJ, Bobryshev YV, Cherian SM, Lord RS, Wang AY. Identification of dendritic cells in ePTFE grafts explanted from humans. Cardiovasc Surg 2000;8:265–273.[CrossRef][Medline]
- Skowasch D, Jabs A, Andrie R, Dinkelbach S, Luderitz B, Bauriedel G. Presence of bone-marrow- and neural-crest-derived cells in intimal hyperplasia at the time of clinical in-stent restenosis. Cardiovasc Res 2003;60: 684–691.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Bauriedel G, Jabs A, Skowasch D, Hutter R, Badimon JJ, Fuster V, Welsch U, Luderitz B. Dendritic cells in neointima formation after rat carotid balloon injury: coordinated expression withanti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and HSP47 in arterial repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42:930–938.
[Abstract/Free Full Text]
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