European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on March 14, 2006
European Heart Journal 2006 27(10):1257-1258; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi838
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LDL-cholesterol predicts negative coronary artery remodelling in diabetic patients: an intravascular ultrasound study: reply
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Tel: +34913303283
E-mail address: manelsabate1{at}telefonica.net
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Hospital Clínico San Carlos
Interventional Cardiology Department
Martin Lagos s/n
28040 Madrid
Spain
Sipahi et al. address the issue of the high incidence of negative remodelling that was observed in our study1 and suggest the possibility that this phenomenon might be overestimated because of the methodology used. The following considerations may clarify this concern.
First, we are well aware of the concept of geographic miss as we described it first in the brachytherapy era2 and later on after drug-eluting stent implantation.3 In this regard, in the design of the DIABETES trial,4 we seriously took into consideration the judicious stent implantation technique. Therefore, as stated in the protocol, all balloon inflations had to be filmed and the stent had to cover the entire injured segment. As a result, the incidence of edge effect in the entire DIABETES trial was very low (2% in the conventional stent arm and 3.9% in the sirolimus group) when compared with diabetics included in other large-scale trials (i.e. SIRIUS). However, to ensure that evaluated segments were not previously injured, we excluded from the analysis those lesions that were close to segments in which some doubts existed about the location of the balloons used during angioplasty.4 Besides, all lesions included in this intravascular ultrasound study were exclusively located proximal to the stent, ruling out the possibility raised by Sipahi et al.
We believe that the cut-off value used to categorically define the type of remodelling, rather than the location of the reference segment, is the main influencing factor on the incidence of negative remodelling. In addition, normal vessel tapering may overestimate this incidence. In this regard, Mintz et al.5 defined lesion/proximal reference EEM CSA 
0.78 as inadequate arterial remodelling in order to avoid the effect of arterial tapering (an average of 10% per 10 mm of axial arterial length). Among all the reported definitions of remodelling, we finally used the one proposed by the American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus document,6 which dichotomizes remodelling in <1 or >1 without any other recommendation on which reference has to be used for remodelling index calculation. In contradiction to Sipahi’ comments, a recent article coming from the same centre7 reported a 60% incidence of negative remodelling in lesions of patients with stable angina. Interestingly, remodelling index was also calculated using only the proximal reference.
Sipahi et al. also referenced a manuscript of Weissman et al.8 to support the concept of higher than expected incidence of negative remodelling in diabetics. However, although the overall incidence of negative remodelling was rather low (24%), only one-third of the patients included in that analysis were diabetics. Besides, as opposed to our study, only significant lesions were assessed.8
Finally, we are indebted to Sipahi et al. for the erratum found on the slopes of the regression lines of the second and third panels of Figure 3. Indeed, the value should be negative.
References
- Jimenez-Quevedo P, Sabate M, Angiolillo D, Alfonso F, Hernandez-Antolin R, Banuelos C, Bernardo E, Ramirez C, Moreno R, Fernandez C, Escaned J, Macaya C. LDL-cholesterol predicts negative coronary artery remodelling in diabetic patients: an intravascular ultrasound study. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 2307–2312.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Sabaté M, Costa MA, Kozuma K, Kay IP, van der Giessen WJ, Coen VLMA, Ligthart JMR, Serrano P, Levendag PC, Serruys PW. Geographic miss: a cause of treatment failure in radio-oncology applied to intracoronary radiation therapy. Circulation 2000; 101: 2467–2471.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Angiolillo DJ, Sabaté M, Alfonso F, Macaya C.‘Candy wrapper’ effect after drug-eluting stent implantation: deja vu or stumbling over the same stone again? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004; 61: 387–391.[CrossRef][Medline]
- Sabate M, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Angiolillo DJ, Gomez-Hospital JA, Alfonso F, Hernandez-Antolin R, Goicolea J, Banuelos C, Escaned J, Moreno R, Fernandez C, Fernandez-Aviles F, Macaya C, DIABETES Investigators. Randomized comparison of sirolimus-eluting stent versus standard stent for percutaneous coronary revascularization in diabetic patients: the diabetes and sirolimus-eluting stent (DIABETES) trial. Circulation 2005; 112: 2175–2183.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Mintz S, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Popma JJ, Leon MB. Contribution of inadequate arterial remodeling to the development of focal coronary artery stenoses. Circulation 1997; 95: 1791–1798.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Mintz GS, Nissen SE, Anderson WD, Bailey SR, Erbel R, Fitzgerald PJ, Pinto FJ, Rosenfield K, Siegel RJ, Tuzcu EM, Yock PG. American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Standards for Acquisition, Measurement and Reporting of Intravascular Ultrasound Studies (IVUS). A report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1478–1492.
[Free Full Text] - Schoenhagen P, Ziada KM, Kapadia SR, Crowe TD, Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM. Extent and direction of arterial remodeling in stable versus unstable coronary syndromes: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 2000; 101: 598–603.
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Weissman NJ, Sheris SJ, Chari R, Mendelsohn FO, Anderson WD, Breall JA, Tanguay JF, Diver DJ. Intravascular ultrasonic analysis of plaque characteristics associated with coronary artery remodeling. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 37–40.[Web of Science][Medline]
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