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European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on March 21, 2007
European Heart Journal 2007 28(8):1039; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm007
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2007. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

New risk factors of heart failure?: reply

Krista Siirilä-Waris

Division of Cardiology
Department of Medicine
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Haartmaninkatu 4
00290 Helsinki
Finland
Fax: +358 9 4717 4125
E-mail address: krista.siirila-waris{at}helsinki.fi

Johan Lassus

Division of Cardiology
Department of Medicine
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Haartmaninkatu 4
00290 Helsinki
Finland

Veli-Pekka Harjola

Division of Emergency Care
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Haartmaninkatu 4
00290 Helsinki
Finland

We thank Dr Singh and colleagues for showing interest in our work. Inflammation is activated in both chronic and acute heart failure (AHF). It can worsen chronic heart failure and thus precipitate AHF. However, there are significant differences between chronic and AHF, and the aim of our study was to especially broaden knowledge on AHF. In our study1 inflammation was seen as one predictor of mortality in AHF, but unfortunately the scope of our study did not cover the effect of diet on inflammation and its effect on AHF prognosis. There is also other recent data on prognostic significance of C-reactive protein in AHF2 as well as on chronic heart failure and statins.3,4 We recommend that heart failure patients follow current guidelines on healthy low-salt, low-fat diet.

The possibility to alter the deleterious inflammatory process through pharmacological or nutritional interventions to improve outcomes among patients with cardiac disease is an interesting perspective. We hope that future studies will bring further insight to the mechanisms by which inflammation affects prognosis in patients with heart failure and thus help creating new therapeutic options.

References

  1. Siirilä-Waris K, Lassus J, Melin J, Peuhkurinen K, Nieminen M, Harjola V-P. (2006) Characteristics, outcomes and predictors of one year mortality in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Eur Heart J 27:3011–3017.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Mueller C, Laule-Kilian K, Christ A, Brunner-La Rocca P, Perruchoud A. (2006) Inflammation and long-term mortality in acute congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 151:845–850.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
  3. Anker SD, Clark AL, Winkler R, Zugck C, Cicoira M, Ponikowski P, Davos CH, Banasiak W, Zardini P HM, Senges J, Coats AJ, Poole-Wilson PA, Pitt B. (2006) Statin use and survival in patients with chronic heart failure—results from two observational studies with 5200 patients. Int J Cardiol 112:234–242.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
  4. Krum H, Latini R, Maggioni AP, Anand I, Masson S, Carretta E, Ingrilli F, Pettinati G, Glazer R, Tognoni G, Cohn J. (2006) Statins and symptomatic chronic systolic heart failure: a post-hoc analysis of 5010 patients enrolled in Val-HeFT. Int J Cardiol doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.106.

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This Article
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28/8/1039    most recent
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