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European Heart Journal 2000 21(10):795-798; doi:10.1053/euhj.1999.2051
Copyright © 2000 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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Editorial

The optimal management of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation of flutter: still a ’stunning‘ problem

C. Stellbrink and P. Hanrath

University Hospital, Aachen, Germany

References

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  2. Bjerkelund C, Orning OM. The efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in preventing embolism related to DC electrical conversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1969;23:208–216[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
  3. Manning WJ, Silvermann DI, Gordon SPF, Krummholz HM, Douglas PS. Cardioversion from atrial fibrillation without prolonged anticoagulation with the use of transoesophageal echocardiography to exclude the presence of atrial thrombi. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:750–755[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  4. Manning WJ, Silvermann DI, Katz SE. Impaired left atrial function after cardioversion: relationship to the duration of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1535–1540[Abstract]
  5. Fatkin D, Kuchar DL, Thorburn CW, Feneley MP. Transoesophageal echocardiography before and during direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: evidence for ‘atrial stunning’ as a mechanism of thromboembolic complications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:307–316[Abstract]
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  7. Grimm RA, Leung DY, Black IW, Stewart WJ, Thomas JD, Klein AL. Left atrial appendage ‘stunning’ after spontaneous cardioversion of atrial fibrillation demonstrated by transoesophageal Doppler Echocardiography. Am Heart J. 1995;130:174–176[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
  8. Schotten U, Stellbrink C, Hanrath P, Allessie M. L-type Ca2+channel alterations underlie contractile remodeling in human atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999;31:A63
  9. Zarse M, Waldmann M, Muehlenbruch G. Left atrial appendage outflow is augmented during atrial fibrillation compared to sinus rhythm: insights from a pig model of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:226
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  12. Kamp O, Verhorst PMJ, Welling RC, Visser CA. Importance of left atrial appendage flow as a predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:979–985[Abstract/Free Full Text]
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S. Kamath and G.Y.H. Lip
Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter: a 'stunning' problem
Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2001; 22(6): 520 - 521.
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