Copyright © 2000 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is an independent prognostic marker for mortality in chronic heart failure
a Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus university Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
b Cardiology, Thorax Centre, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
revised February 28, 2000; accepted March 1, 2000
Abstract
Aims Experimental evidence has suggested that semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase is involved in vascular endothelial damage and in the process of atherosclerosis, through the formation of reactive aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia from endogenous substrates. Recent evidence indicates that semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase may be identical with the vascular adhesion protein-1. In patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure the plasma activity is raised relative to the severity of the disease. The prognostic value of plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase is not known.
Methods and Results Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity was measured at baseline in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure who participated in a large European study (PRIME-II). The 372 patients who took part in a pre-defined substudy in The Netherlands were investigated and a survival follow-up (maximum 5·4 years, mean 3·4 years) was carried out. Within the follow-up period 195 patients died. Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase was higher at baseline in those who died than in the survivors (653±258 vs 540±242 mU.l–1, P<0·001). Dividing the patients into two groups according to plasma values above or below the median value of 550mU.l–1, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase was found to be a prognostic parameter for survival, both in univariate (P<0·0001) and in multivariate (P=0·0106) analysis. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase values >550 mU.l–1had a 1·50 (95% CI, 1·10–2·04) times increased risk of death.
Conclusion The finding that plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase is an independent prognostic marker for mortality in chronic heart failure supports the concept that an elevated plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase level has deleterious effects, possibly due to vascular endothelial damage.
Key Words: Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, heart failure, prognosis, endothelial dysfunction, adhesion protein
f1 Correspondence: Dr F. Boomsma, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
References
- Lyles GA. Mammalian plasma and tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases: Biochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1996;28:259–274[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Janes SM, Mu D, Wemmer D. A new redox cofactor in eukaryotic enzymes: 6-hydroxydopa at the active site of bovine serum amine oxidase. Science. 1990;248:981–987
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Boor PJ, Hysmith RM. Allylamine cardiovascular toxicity. Toxicology. 1987;44:129–145[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Yu PH, Zuo D-M. Oxidative deamination of methylamine by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase leads to cytotoxic damage in endothelial cells. Diabetes. 1993;42:594–603[Abstract]
- Lyles GA, Chalmers J. The metabolism of aminoacetone to methylglyoxal by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in human umbilical artery. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992;43:1409–1414[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Yu PH, Zuo D-M. Formaldehyde produced endogenously via deamination of methylamine. A potential risk factor for initiation of endothelial injury. Atherosclerosis. 1996;120:189–197[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Hayes BE, Clarke DE. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1990;69:71–83[ISI][Medline]
- Yu PH, Deng YL. Endogenous formaldehyde as a potential factor of vulnerability of atherosclerosis: involvement of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-mediated methylamine turnover. Atherosclerosis. 1998;140:357–363[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Boomsma F, Derkx FHM, van den Meiracker AH, Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MADH. Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity is elevated in diabetes mellitus and correlates with glycosylated haemoglobin. Life Sci. 1995;88:675–679[CrossRef]
- Boomsma F, van den Meiracker AH, Winkel S. Circulating semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase is raised both in Type I (insulin-dependent), in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and even in childhood Type I diabetes at first clinical diagnosis. Diabetologia. 1999;42:233–237[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Treasure CB, Vita JV, Cox DA. Endothelium dependent dilation of the coronary microvasculature is impaired in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1990;81:772–779
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Boomsma F, van Veldhuisen DJ, de Kam PJ. Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase is elevated in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 1997;33:387–391
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S. Cloning of vascular adhesion protein 1 reveals a novel multifunctional adhesion molecule. J Exp Med. 1998;188:17–27
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Hampton JR, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Kleber FX. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Lancet. 1997;349:971–977[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Van Veldhuisen DJ, Boomsma F, De Kam PJ. Influence of age on neurohormonal activation and prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:753–760
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Van Dijk J, Boomsma F, Alberts G, Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MADH. Determination of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr. 1995;663:43–50[CrossRef]
- Enrique-Tarancón G, Marti L, Morin N. Role of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in glucose transport and GLUT4 recruitment to the cell surface in adipose cells. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:8025–8032
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Langford SD, Trent MB, Balakumaran A, Boor PJ. Developmental vasculotoxicity associated with inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999;155:237–244[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Grönvall JLE, Garpenstrand H, Oreland L, Ekblom J. Autoradiographic imaging of formaldehyde adducts in mice: possible relevance for vascular damage in diabetes. Life Sci. 1998;63:759–768[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Imamura Y, Kubota R, Wang Y. Human retina-specific amine oxidase (RAO): cDNA cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal mapping. Genomics. 1997;40:277–283[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Yu PH, Zuo D-M. Aminoguanidine inhibits semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity: Implications for advanced glycation and diabetic complications. Diabetologia. 1997;40:1243–1250[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Roitman-Johnson B, Stampfer MJ, Allen J. Plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and risks of future myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men. Lancet. 1998;351:88–92[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Hwang SJ, Ballantyne CM, Sharrett AR. Circulating adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in carotid atherosclerosis and incident coronary heart disease cases; the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation. 1997;96:4219–4225
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Belch JJ, Shaw JW, Kirk G. The white blood cell adhesion molecule E-selectin predicts restenosis in patients with intermittent claudication undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Circulation. 1997;95:2027–2031
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Malik IS, Haskard DO. Soluble adhesion molecules in ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:990–991
[Free Full Text] - Wallen NH, Held C, Rehnquist N, Hjemdahl P. Elevated serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 among patients with stable angina pectoris who suffer cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:1039–1041
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Flesch M, Maack C, Cremers B, Bäumer AT, Südkamp M, Böhm M. Effect of beta-blockers on free radical-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. Circulation. 1999;100:346–353
[Abstract/Free Full Text]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. A. LYNES, Y. J. KANG, S. L. SENSI, G. A. PERDRIZET, and L. E. HIGHTOWER Heavy Metal Ions in Normal Physiology, Toxic Stress, and Cytoprotection Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., October 1, 2007; 1113(1): 159 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kazachkov, K. Chen, S. Babiy, and P. H. Yu Evidence for in Vivo Scavenging by Aminoguanidine of Formaldehyde Produced via Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase-Mediated Deamination J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2007; 322(3): 1201 - 1207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. H. Yu, L.-X. Lu, H. Fan, M. Kazachkov, Z.-J. Jiang, S. Jalkanen, and C. Stolen Involvement of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase-Mediated Deamination in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2006; 168(3): 718 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Gubisne-Haberle, W. Hill, M. Kazachkov, J. S. Richardson, and P. H. Yu Protein Cross-Linkage Induced by Formaldehyde Derived from Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase-Mediated Deamination of Methylamine J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2004; 310(3): 1125 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. H. Yu, M. Wang, H. Fan, Y. Deng, and D. Gubisne-Haberle Involvement of SSAO-mediated deamination in adipose glucose transport and weight gain in obese diabetic KKAy mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2004; 286(4): E634 - E641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.H. Yu Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and mortality in chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2000; 21(22): 1812 - 1814. [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||