Copyright © 2000 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Review
Haematocrit, viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate: meta-analyses of prospective studies of coronary heart disease
a Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford
b University Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K.
revised May 7, 1999; accepted May 12, 1999
Key Words: coronary heart disease, rheology, haematocrit, viscosity, meta-analysis
f1 Correspondence: Dr Danesh, CTSU, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, U.K.
References
- Lowe GDO. Haemostatic risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis. Poller L, Ludlam CA. Recent advances in blood coagulation. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1997. p. 69
- Lowe GDO. Blood rheology, haemostasis and vascular disease. Bloom AL, Forbes CD, Thomas DP, Tuddenham EGD. Haemostasis and thrombosis. Edinburgh:: Churchill Livingstone; 1994. p. 11691188
- Pearson TC. Rheology of the absolute polycythaemias. Balliere's Clinical Haematology. 1987;1:637664
- Wannamethee G, Shaper AG, Whincup PH. Ischaemic heart disease: association with haematocrit in the British Regional Heart Study. J Epidemiol Comm Health. 1994;48:112118
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Liao Y, Cooper RS, McGee DL. Iron status and coronary heart disease: negative findings from the NHANES I follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139:704712
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Rumley A, Lowe GDO, Norrie J, Ford I, Shepherd J, Cobbe SM. Blood rheology and outcome in the west of Scotland coronary prevention study: is the benefit of lipoprotein reduction partly due to the lower viscosity. Br J Haematol. 1997;97:78
- Abu-Zeid HAH, Chapman JM. The relation between hemoglobin level and the risk for ischemic heart disease: a prospective study. J Chron Dis. 1976;29:395403[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Gagnon DR, Zhang TJ, Brand FN, Kannel WB. Hematocrit and the risk of cardiovascular disease-the Framingham study: a 34-year follow-up. Am Heart J. 1994;127:674682[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Reunanen A, Takkunen H, Knekt P, Seppanen R, Aromaa A. Body iron stores, dietary iron intake and coronary heart disease mortality. J Int Med. 1995;238:223230[Web of Science][Medline]
- Carter C, McGee D, Reed D, Yano K, Stemmermann MD. Hematocrit and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am Heart J. 1983;105:674679[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Sorlie PD, Garcia-Palmieri MR, Costas R, Havlik RJ. Hematocrit and risk of coronary heart disease: the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program. Am Heart J. 1981;101:456461[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Meade TW, Ruddock V, Stirling Y, Chakraborti R, Miller GJ. Fibrinolytic activity, clotting factors and long-term incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the Northwick Park Heart Study. Lancet. 1993;342:10761079[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Szatrowski TP, Peterson AV, Shimizu Y. Serum cholesterol, other risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in a Japanese cohort. J Chron Dis. 1984;37:569584[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Erikssen G, Thaulow E, Sandvick L, Stormorken H, Erikssen J. Haematocrit: a predictor of cardiovascular mortality. J Intr Med. 1993;234:493499
- Campbell MJ, Elwood PC, Mackean J, Waters WE. Mortality, haemoglobin level and haematocrit in women. J Chron Dis. 1985;38:881889[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Lowe GDO, Lee AJ, Rumley A, Price JF, Fowkes FGR. Blood viscosity and risk of cardiovascular events: the Edinburgh artery study. Br J Haematol. 1997;96:168173[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Cullen K, Stenhouse NS, Wearne KL, Welborn TA. Multiple regression analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in Busselton, Western Australia13-year study. J Chron Dis. 1983;36:371377[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Cullen KJ, Stenhouse NS, Wearne KL. Raised haemoglobin and risk of cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 1981;ii:12881289
- Knottnerus JA, Swaen GMH, Slangen JJM, Volovics A, Durinck J. Haematologic parameters as risk factors for cardiac infarction in an occupational health care setting. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41:6774[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Elwood PC, Benjamin IT, Waters WE, Sweetnam PM. Mortality and anaemia in women. Lancet. 1974;i:891894
- Schlant RC, Forman S, Stamler J, Canner PL. The natural history of coronary heart disease: prognostic factors after recovery from myocardial infarction in 2789 men. Circulation. 1982;66:401414
[Free Full Text] - Lowe GDO, Machado SG, Krol WF, Barton BA, Forbes CD. White blood cell count and haematocrit as predictors of coronary recurrence after myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost. 1985;54:700703[Web of Science][Medline]
- Smith FB, Rumley A, Lee AJ, Leng GC, Fowkes FGR, Lowe GDO. Haemostatic factors and prediction of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in claudicants. Br J Haematol. 1998;100:758763[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Sweetnam PM, Thomas HF, Yarnell JWG, Beswick AD, Baker IA, Elwood PC. Fibrinogen, viscosity and the 10-year incidence of ischaemic heart disease: the Caerphilly and Speedwell studies. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:18141820
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Koenig W, Sund M, Filipiak B, Doring A, Lowel H, Ernst E. Plasma viscosity and the risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Monica-Augsburg cohort study, 1984 to 1992. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:768772
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Martin JF, Bath PMW, Burr ML. Influence of platelet size on outcome after myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1991;338:14091411[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Makuc DM. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and coronary heart disease: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48:353361[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Bottiger LE, Carlson LA. Risk factors for ischaemic vascular death for men in the Stockholm prospective study. Atherosclerosis. 1980;36:389408[CrossRef]
- Tibblin G, Wilhelmsen L, Werko L. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death due to ischemic heart disease and other causes. Am J Cardiology. 1975;35:514522[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Rafnsson V, Bengtsson C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cardiovascular disease: results from a population study of women in Goteborg, Sweden. Atherosclerosis. 1982;42:97107[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Danesh J, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R. Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin or white cell count: meta-analyses of prospective studies of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1998;279:14771482
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease-part 1. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335:765774[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Clarke R, Shipley M, Lewington S. Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150:341353
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Clin Hemorrheology. 1986;6:439453
- Easterbrook P, Berlin J, Gopalan R, Matthews D. Publication bias in clinical research. Lancet. 1991;337:867872[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
- Waters WE, Withey JL, Kilpatrick GS, Wood PHN, Abernathy M. Ten-year haematological follow-up: mortality and haematological changes. BMJ. 1969;4:761764
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Banerjee AK, Pearson J, Gilliland EL. A six year prospective study of fibrinogen and other risk factors associated with mortality in stable claudicants. Thromb Haemost. 1992;68:261263[Web of Science][Medline]
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
M. A. Crilly, V. Kumar, H. J. Clark, N. W. Scott, A. G. MacDonald, and D. J. Williams Arterial stiffness and cumulative inflammatory burden in rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response relationship independent of established cardiovascular risk factors Rheumatology, December 1, 2009; 48(12): 1606 - 1612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O Rogowski, I Shapira, A Shirom, S Melamed, S Toker, and S Berliner Heart rate and microinflammation in men: a relevant atherothrombotic link Heart, August 1, 2007; 93(8): 940 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. N. Tziakas, J. C. Kaski, G. K. Chalikias, C. Romero, S. Fredericks, I. K. Tentes, A. X. Kortsaris, D. I. Hatseras, and D. W. Holt Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes Is Increased in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A New Marker of Clinical Instability? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 29, 2007; 49(21): 2081 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Tzoulaki, G. D. Murray, A. J. Lee, A. Rumley, G. D.O. Lowe, and F. G. R. Fowkes Relative Value of Inflammatory, Hemostatic, and Rheological Factors for Incident Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: The Edinburgh Artery Study Circulation, April 24, 2007; 115(16): 2119 - 2127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Tzoulaki, G. D. Murray, A. J. Lee, A. Rumley, G. D.O. Lowe, and F. G. R. Fowkes Inflammatory, haemostatic, and rheological markers for incident peripheral arterial disease: Edinburgh Artery Study Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2007; 28(3): 354 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Baigent and M. Landray Which cardiovascular risk factors matter in chronic kidney disease? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 2007; 22(1): 9 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Y. Salazar-Vazquez, M. Intaglietta, M. Rodriguez-Moran, and F. Guerrero-Romero Blood Pressure and Hematocrit in Diabetes and the Role of Endothelial Responses in the Variability of Blood Viscosity Diabetes Care, July 1, 2006; 29(7): 1523 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Steptoe and M. Marmot Psychosocial, Hemostatic, and Inflammatory Correlates of Delayed Poststress Blood Pressure Recovery Psychosom Med, July 1, 2006; 68(4): 531 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Prepared by: British Cardiac Society, British Hype JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice Heart, December 1, 2005; 91(suppl_5): v1 - v52. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. B. Pepys, P. N. Hawkins, M. C. Kahan, G. A. Tennent, J. R. Gallimore, D. Graham, C. A. Sabin, A. Zychlinsky, and J. de Diego Proinflammatory Effects of Bacterial Recombinant Human C-Reactive Protein Are Caused by Contamination With Bacterial Products, Not by C-Reactive Protein Itself Circ. Res., November 25, 2005; 97(11): e97 - e103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Smith, C. Patterson, J. Yarnell, A. Rumley, Y. Ben-Shlomo, and G. Lowe Which Hemostatic Markers Add to the Predictive Value of Conventional Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke?: The Caerphilly Study Circulation, November 15, 2005; 112(20): 3080 - 3087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration* Plasma Fibrinogen Level and the Risk of Major Cardiovascular Diseases and Nonvascular Mortality: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis JAMA, October 12, 2005; 294(14): 1799 - 1809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. P. Tracy and L. H. Kuller C-Reactive Protein, Heart Disease Risk, and the Popular Media Arch Intern Med, October 10, 2005; 165(18): 2058 - 2060. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Woodward, G. D.O. Lowe, D. J. Campbell, S. Colman, A. Rumley, J. Chalmers, B. C. Neal, A. Patel, A. J. Jenkins, B. E. Kemp, et al. Associations of Inflammatory and Hemostatic Variables With the Risk of Recurrent Stroke Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2143 - 2147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A D Gavin and A D Struthers Allopurinol reduces B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations and haemoglobin but does not alter exercise capacity in chronic heart failure Heart, June 1, 2005; 91(6): 749 - 753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Yarnell and G. Lowe Haemorheological variables as risk factors of ischaemic heart diseases: reply Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2005; 26(6): 625 - 625. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Natali, E. Toschi, S. Baldeweg, A. Casolaro, S. Baldi, A. M. Sironi, J. S. Yudkin, and E. Ferrannini Haematocrit, type 2 diabetes, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of resistance vessels Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2005; 26(5): 464 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Yarnell, E. McCrum, A. Rumley, C. Patterson, V. Salomaa, G. Lowe, A. Evans, and on behalf of the MONICA Optional Haemostasis Study Association of European population levels of thrombotic and inflammatory factors with risk of coronary heart disease: the MONICA Optional Haemostasis Study{dagger} Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2005; 26(4): 332 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A.G. Rumley, M. Woodward, A. Rumley, J. Rumley, and G.D.O. Lowe Plasma lipid peroxides: relationships to cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease QJM, December 1, 2004; 97(12): 809 - 816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H A W Neil, V Seagroatt, D J Betteridge, M P Cooper, P N Durrington, J P Miller, M Seed, R P Naoumova, G R Thompson, R Huxley, et al. Established and emerging coronary risk factors in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia Heart, December 1, 2004; 90(12): 1431 - 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. D.O. Lowe, A. Rumley, A. D. McMahon, I. Ford, D. St. J. O'Reilly, C. J. Packard, and for the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Interleukin-6, Fibrin D-Dimer, and Coagulation Factors VII and XIIa in Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2004; 24(8): 1529 - 1534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.W.G Yarnell, C.C Patterson, P.M Sweetnam, and G.D.O Lowe Haemostatic/inflammatory markers predict 10-year risk of IHD at least as well as lipids: the Caerphilly collaborative studies Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2004; 25(12): 1049 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Danesh, J. G. Wheeler, G. M. Hirschfield, S. Eda, G. Eiriksdottir, A. Rumley, G. D.O. Lowe, M. B. Pepys, and V. Gudnason C-Reactive Protein and Other Circulating Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease N. Engl. J. Med., April 1, 2004; 350(14): 1387 - 1397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. B. Andresdottir, N. Sigfusson, H. Sigvaldason, and V. Gudnason Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women: The Reykjavik Study Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2003; 158(9): 844 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Steptoe and M. Marmot Burden of Psychosocial Adversity and Vulnerability in Middle Age: Associations With Biobehavioral Risk Factors and Quality of Life Psychosom Med, November 1, 2003; 65(6): 1029 - 1037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Natali, A. L'Abbate, and E. Ferrannini Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiac mortality Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2003; 24(7): 639 - 648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. R. Kensey Rheology: An Overlooked Component of Vascular Disease Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, April 1, 2003; 9(2): 93 - 99. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Ascherio, E. B. Rimm, E. Giovannucci, W. C. Willett, and M. J. Stampfer Blood Donations and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men Circulation, January 2, 2001; 103(1): 52 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Rapaport Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: is it a useful risk marker for coronary heart disease? Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2000; 21(19): 1567 - 1569. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Froom Blood viscosity and th erisk of death from coronary heart disease Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2000; 21(7): 513 - 514. [PDF] |
||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
















