Copyright © 2001 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Review Article
Failing ageing hearts
Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary of Glasgow, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow, U.K.
revised November 28, 2000; accepted November 29, 2000
f1 Correspondence: Professor John J. V. McMurray, CRI in Heart Failure, Wolfson Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K.
References
- Rice DP. Beneficiary profile: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. Health Care Financing Rev. 1999;18:2346
- Senni M, Tribouilloy CM, Rodeheffer RJ. Congestive heart failure in the communityTrends in incidence and survival in a 10-year period. Arch Int Med. 1999;159:2934
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Schocken DD, Arrieta MI, Leaverton PE, Ross EA. Prevalence and mortality-rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:301306[Abstract]
- McDonagh TA, Morrison CE, Lawrence A. Symptomatic and asymptomatic left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in an urban population. Lancet. 1997;350:829833[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Kannel WB, Belanger AJ. Epidemiology of heart failure. Am Heart J. 1991;121:951957[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Mosterd A, Hoes AW, de Bruyne MC. Prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in the general populationThe Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:447455
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Morgan S, Smith H, Simpson I. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of left ventricular dysfunction among elderly patients in general practice setting: cross sectional survey. Br Med J. 1999;318:368372
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Gillum RF. Heart failure in the United States. Am Heart J. 1987;113:10431045[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Remes J, Reunanen A, Aromaa A, Pyörälä K. Incidence of heart failure in eastern Finlanda population-based surveillance study. Eur Heart J. 1992;13:588593
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Parameshwar J, Shackell MM, Richardson A, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC. Prevalence of heart failure in 3 general practices in north-west London. Br J Gen Pract. 1992;42:287289[ISI][Medline]
- Sutton GC. Epidemiologic aspects of heart failure. Am Heart J. 1990;120:15381540[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Mair FS, Crowley TS, Bundred PE. Prevalence, aetiology and management of heart failure in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1996;46:7779[ISI][Medline]
- Ghali JK, Cooper R, Ford E. Trends in hospitalization rates for heart failure in the United States, 19731986evidence for increasing population prevalence. Arch Int Med. 1990;150:769773[Abstract]
- McMurray J, McDonagh T, Morrison CE, Dargie HJ. Trends in hospitalization for heart failure in Scotland 19801990. Eur Heart J. 1993;14:11581162
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coats AJS. Incidence and aetiology of heart failureA population-based study. Eur Heart J. 1999;20:421428
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Senni M, Tribouilloy CM, Rodeheffer RJ. Congestive heart failure in the communityA study of all incident cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1991. Circulation. 1998;98:22822289
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Kupari M, Lindroos M, Iivanainen AM, Heikkila J, Tilvis R. Congestive heart failure in old age: Prevalence, mechanisms and 4-year prognosis in the Helsinki Ageing Study [Full text delivery]. J Int Med. 1997;241:387394[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Fraticelli A, Gesuita R, Vespa A, Paciaroni E. Congestive heart failure in the elderly requiring hospital admission. Arch Gerontol Geriatrics. 1996;23:225238[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Cocchi A, Zuccala G, Menichelli P. Congestive heart failure in the elderlyan intriguing clinical reality. Cardiol Elderly. 1994;2:227232
- Herlitz J, Karlson BW, Petterson P, Strombom U, Lilleberg J, Hjalmarson A. Risk factors for death and mode of death after acute myocardial infarction in relation to age. Coron Art Dis. 1992;3:10551063
- Rask Madsen C, Jensen G, Kober L, Melchior T, Torp Pedersen C, Hildebrand P. Age-related mortality, clinical heart failure, and ventricular fibrillation in 4259 Danish patients after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1997;18:14261431
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - O'Connor CM, Hathaway WR, Bates ER. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients in whom congestive heart failure develops after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Development of a predictive model. Am Heart J. 1997;133:663673[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Devlin W, Cragg D, Jacks M, Friedman H, O'Neill W, Grines C. Comparison of outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction aged greater than 75 years with that in younger patients. Am J Cardiol. 1995;:573576
- Ho KKL, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failurethe Framingham study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:A6A13[Medline]
- Kostis JB, Davis BR, Cutler J. Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 1997;278:212216[Abstract]
- Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet. 1997;350:757764[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Wenger N, Franciosa JA, Weber KT. Heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;10:73A76A[Medline]
- Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failurean epidemiologic perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:15651574[Abstract]
- Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Reiss CK, Levy D. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fractionPrevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:19481955
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Luchi RJ, Taffet GE, Teasdale TA. Congestive heart failure in the elderly. J Am Ger Soc. 1991;39:810825[ISI][Medline]
- Cody RJ. Physiological changes due to ageimplications for drug therapy of congestive heart failure. Drugs & Aging. 1993;3:320334[ISI][Medline]
- Roberts WC. The aging heart. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;88:63
- Waller BF. Hearts of the oldest old. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:625627[ISI][Medline]
- Zozaya J, Viloria M, Castro A. The effect of aging on the reninangiotensinaldosterone system and physiological variables in normal subjects. Res Comm Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1983;42:463470[ISI][Medline]
- Weidmann P, Myttenaere S, Maxwell M. Effect of aging on plasma renin and aldosterone in normal man. Kidney Int. 1975;8:325333[ISI][Medline]
- Dutka DP, Olivotto I, Ward S, Oakley CM, Impallomeni M, Cleland JGF. Effects of aging on neuroendocrine activation in subjects and patients in the presence and absence of heart failure with left ventricular systolic. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:11971201[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Epstein M. Effects of aging on the kidney. Fed Proc. 1979;38:168170[ISI][Medline]
- Fleg JL, Lakatta EG. Role of muscle loss in the age-associated reduction of VO2max. J Appl Physiol. 1988;65:11471151
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Clark AL, Poole-Wilson PA, Coats AJS. Exercise limitation in chronic heart failure: Central role of the periphery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:10921102[Abstract]
- King D, Smith ML, Chapman TJ, Stockdale HR, Lye M. Fat malabsorption in elderly patients with cardiac cachexia. Age and Ageing. 1996;25:144149
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Graves, EJ, Advance data from vital and health statistics. Summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey, Hyattesville, 264, 1993
- Gillum RF. Idiopathic cardiomyopathy in the United States. Am Heart J. 1986;111:753755
- Rodriguez Artalejo F, Guallar Castillon P, Banegas JRB, Calero JD. Trends in hospitalization and mortality for heart failure in Spain, 19801993. Eur Heart J. 1997;18:17711779
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Bourassa MG, Gurne O, Bangdiwala SI. Natural history and patterns of current practice in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:A14A19[Medline]
- Eriksson H, Wilhelmsen L, Caidahl K, Svardsudd K. Epidemiology and prognosis of heart failure. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie. 1991;80:16
- Lip GYH, Zarifis J, Beevers DG. Acute admissions with heart failure to a district general hospital serving a multiracial population. Int J Clin Pract. 1997;51:223227[ISI][Medline]
- Parameshwar J, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC. Heart failure in a district general hospital. J Royal Coll Phys Lond. 1992;26:139142[ISI][Medline]
- Graves, EJ, National Hospital Discharge Summary, 1990, Hyattesville, MD, National Centre for Health Statistics, 112, 1992
- Haldeman GA, Croft JB, Giles WH, Rashidee A. Hospitalization of patients with heart failure: National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1985 to 1995. Am Heart J. 1999;137:352360[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Hennen J, Krumholz HM, Radford MJ. Twenty most frequent DRG groups among Medicare inpatients aged 65 and over in Connecticut hospitals fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993. Conn Med. 1995;59:1115[Medline]
- Doughty R, Yee T, Sharpe N, MacMahon S. Hospital admissions and deaths due to congestive heart failure in New Zealand, 198891. N Z Med J. 1995;108:473475[ISI][Medline]
- Chin MH, Goldman L. Correlates of major complications or death in patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure. Arch Int Med. 1996;156:18141820[Abstract]
- McDermontt MM, Feinglass J, Lee P. Heart failure between 1986 and 1994: Temporal trends in drug-prescribing practices, hospital readmissions, and survival at an academic medical center. Am Heart J. 1997;134:901909[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Lowe JM, Candlish PM, Henry DA, Wlodarcyk JH, Heller RF, Fletcher PJ. Management and outcomes of congestive heart failure: a prospective study of hospitalised patients. Med J Australia. 1998;168:115118
- Kannel WB, Ho KKL, Thom T. Changing epidemiological features of cardiac disease. Br Heart J. 1994;72:S3S9
- Reitsma JB, Mosterd A, de Craen AJM. Increase in hospital admission rates for heart failure in the Netherlands, 19801993. Heart. 1996;76:388392
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Konstam, MA, Dracup, D, Baker, DW, Heart failure: Evaluation and care of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, Rockville, MD, Agency for health care policy and research, 1994
- McMurray JJV, Hart W, Rhodes G. An evaluation of the cost of heart failure to the National Health Service in the UK. Br J Med Econ. 1993;6:99110
- Burns RB, McCarthy EP, Moskowitz MA, Ash A, Kane RL, Finch M. Outcomes for older men and women with congestive heart failure. J Am Ger Soc. 1997;45:276280[ISI][Medline]
- Rich MW, Vinson JM, Sperry JC, Shah AS. Early readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Res. 1988;36:A838
- Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C, Leven CL, Freedland KE, Carney RM. Prevention of readmission in elderly patients with congestive heart failureresults of a prospective, randomized trial. Circulation. 1995;92:3199
- Wolinsky FD, Smith DM, Stump TE, Overhage JM, Lubitz RM. The sequelae of hospitalization for congestive heart failure among older adults. J Am Ger Soc. 1997;45:558563[ISI][Medline]
- Gooding J, Jette AM. Hospital readmission among the elderly. J Am Ger Soc. 1985;33:595601[ISI][Medline]
- McDermott MM, Feinglass J, Lee PI. Systolic function, readmission rates, and survival among consecutively hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. Am Heart J. 1997;134:728736[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Reis SE, Holubkov R, Edmundowicz D. Treatment of patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure: Specialty-related disparities in practice patterns and outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:733738[Abstract]
- Rich MW, Freedland KE. Effect of DRGs on three month readmission rate of geriatric patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Public Health. 1988;78:680682
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Krumholz HM, Parent EM, Tu N. Readmission after hospitalization for congestive heart failure among Medicare beneficiaries. Arch Int Med. 1997;157:99104[Abstract]
- Cline CMJ, Broms K, Willenheimer RB, Israelsson BA, Erhardt LR. Hospitalisation and health care costs due to congestive heart failure in the elderly. Am J Ger Cardiol. 1996;5:1015
- Wolinsky FD, Overhage JM, Stump TE, Lubitz RM, Smith DM. The risk of hospitalization for congestive heart failure among older adults. Med Care. 1997;35:10311043[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Vinson JM, Rich MW, Sperry JC, Shah AS, McNamara T. Early readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Ger Soc. 1990;38:12901295[ISI][Medline]
- Ghali JK, Kadakia S, Cooper R. Precipitating factors leading to decompensation of heart failure. Traits among urban blacks. Arch Int Med. 1988;148:20132016[Abstract]
- Michalsen A, Konig G, Thimme W. Preventable causative factors leading to hospital admission with decompensated heart failure. Heart. 1998;80:437441
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Stewart AL, Greenfield S, Hays RD. Functional status and well-being of patients with chronic conditions: results of the Medical Outcomes Study. J Am Med Assoc. 1989;262:907913[Abstract]
- Fryback DG, Dasbach EJ, Klein R. The Beaver Dam Health Outcomes Study: initial catalog of health-state quality factors. Med Decis Making. 1993;13:89102
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Jenkinson C, Jenkinson D, Shepperd S, Layte R, Petersen S. Evaluation of treatment for congestive heart failure in patients aged 60 years and older using generic measures of health status (SF-36 and COOP charts). Age and Ageing. 1997;26:713
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Cline CMJ, Willenheimer RB, Erhardt LR, Wiklund I, Israelsson BYA. Health-related quality of life in elderly patients with heart failure. Scand Cardiovasc J. 1999;33:278285[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Erikkson H, Svardsudd K, Larsson B. Quality of life in early heart failure: The Study of men born in 1913. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1988;6:161167[Medline]
- Varvaro FF, Olds NB, Zullo TG, Murali S. Determining quality of life in older and younger patients with congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. Am J Ger Cardiol. 1999;8:1520
- Pinsky JL, Jette AM, Branch LG, Kannel WB, Feinleib MF. The Framingham Disability Study: Relationship of various coronary artery manifestations to disability in older persons living in the community. Am J Public Health. 1990;80:13631368
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Krumholz HM, Phillips RS, Hamel MB. Resuscitation preferences among patients with severe congestive heart failureResults from the SUPPORT project. Circulation. 1998;98:648655
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Ni HY, Nauman DJ, Hershberger RE. Managed care and outcomes of hospitalization among elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Int Med. 1998;158:12311236
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Goldberger M, Peled HB, Stroh JA, Cohen MN, Frishman WH. Prognostic factors in acute pulmonary oedema. Arch Int Med. 1986;146:489493[Abstract]
- MacDowall P, Kalra PA, O'Donoghue DJ, Waldek S, Mamtora H, Brown K. Risk of morbidity from renovascular disease in elderly patients with congestive cardiac failure. Lancet. 1998;352:1316[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Ho KKL, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Grossman W, Levy D. Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham heart study subjects. Circulation. 1993;88:107115
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Gillum RF. Epidemiology of heart failure in the United States. Am Heart J. 1993;126:10421047[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Bedford PD, Caird FI. Congestive heart failure in the elderly. Q J Med. 1956;25:407[ISI][Medline]
- Croft JB, Giles WH, Pollard RA, Keenan NL, Casper ML, Anda RF. Heart failure survival among older adults in the United StatesA poor prognosis for an emerging epidemic in the Medicare population. Arch Int Med. 1999;159:505510
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - MMWR Morb Wkly Rep, Centre for disease control and prevention. Mortality from congestive heart failure United States, 1994, 43, 77, 81
- Wang R, Mouliswar M, Denman S, Kleban M. Mortality of the institutionalized oldold hospitalized with congestive heart failure. Arch Int Med. 1998;158:24642468
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Murdoch DR, Love MP, Robb SD. Importance of heart failure as a cause of deathChanging contribution to overall mortality and coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland 19791992. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:18291835
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Hendry A, Hacking L, Langhorne P, Vallance R, MacDonald J. Evaluation of echocardiography in the management of elderly patients with heart failure. Age and Ageing. 1999;28:447450
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Philbin EF, Jenkins PL. Differences between patients with heart failure treated by cardiologists, internists, family physicians, and other physicians: Analysis of a large, statewide database. Am Heart J. 2000;139:491496[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Auerbach AD, Hamel MB, Davis RB. Resource use and survival of patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure: Differences in care by specialty of the attending physician. Ann Int Med. 2000;132:191200
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Senni M, Rodeheffer RJ, Tribouilloy CM. Use of echocardiography in the management of congestive heart failure in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:164170
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - O'Keeffe S, Harvey G, Lye M. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in elderly patients with heart failure. Age and Ageing. 1998;27:297301
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Parent EM, Mockalis J, Petrillo M, Radford MJ. Quality of care for elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. Arch Int Med. 1997;157:22422247[Abstract]
- Califf RM, Vidaillet H, Goldman L. Advanced congestive heart failure: What do patients want? Am Heart J. 1998;135:S320S326[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Jaagosild P, Dawson NV, Thomas C. Outcomes of acute exacerbation of severe congestive heart failure Quality of life, resource use, and survival. Arch Int Med. 1998;158:10811089
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Kerremans AL, Tan Y, Van Barrs H. Furosemide kinetics and dynamics in aged patients. Clin Pharm Ther. 1983;34:181[ISI][Medline]
- Andreasen F, Hansen U, Husted SE. The pharmacokinetics of frusemide are influenced by age. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;16:391[ISI][Medline]
- Brater DC, Day B, Buirdette A, Anderson S. Bumetanide and furosemide in heart failure. Kidney Int. 1984;26:183189[ISI][Medline]
- Vasko MR, Cartwright DB, Knochel JP, Nixon JB, Brater DCK. Furosemide absorption altered in decompensated heart failure. Ann Int Med. 1985;102:314318[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Ibrahim IK, Ritch AES, MacLennan WJ, May T. Are potassium supplements for the elderly necessary? Age and Ageing. 1978;7:165170
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - MacLeod CC, Judge TG, Caird FI. Nutrition of the elderly at home III intake of minerals. Age and Ageing. 1975;4:4957
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Johansson BW. Hypokalaemia in cardiac decompensation. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1984;54:103106
- Dykner T, Wester PO. Plasma and skeletal muscle electrolytes in patients on long term diuretic therapy for arterial hypertension and/or congestive heart failure. Acta Med Scand. 1987;222:231236[ISI][Medline]
- Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. Enalapril for congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63:26D32D[CrossRef][Medline]
- N Engl J Med. 1987;316:14291435[Abstract]
- N Engl J Med. 1991;325:303310[Abstract]
- Garg R, Yusuf S. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. JAMA. 1995;273:14501456
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1999;100:23122318
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic congestive heart failureresults of the proved trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:955962[Abstract]
- Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:17
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - N Engl J Med. 1997;336:525533
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:13491355
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B. Effect of metoprolol CR XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;353:20012007[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Goldstein S, Hjalmarson A. The mortality effect of metoprolol CR/XL in patients with heart failure: Results of the MERIT-HF trial. Clin Cardiol. 1999;22:V30V35
- Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B. Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA. 2000;283:12951302
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709717
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R, Martinez FA, Dickstein N. Effect of losartan compared to captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomise trial the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet. 2000;355:15821587[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:15471552[Abstract]
- Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:303310[Abstract]
- Arch Int Med. 1996;156:16691673[Abstract]
- Croft JB, Giles WH, Roegner RH, Anda RF, Casper ML, Livengood JR. Pharmacologic management of heart failure among older adults by office-based physicians in the United States. J Fam Pract. 1997;44:382390[ISI][Medline]
- Gambassi G, Forman DE, Lapane KL. Management of heart failure among very old persons living in long-term care: Has the voice of trials spread? Am Heart J. 2000;139:8593[ISI][Medline]
- Smith NL, Psaty BM, Pitt B, Garg R, Gottdiener JS, Heckbert SR. Temporal patterns in the medical treatment of congestive heart failure with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in older adults, 1989 through 1995. Arch Int Med. 1998;158:10741080
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Krumholz HM, Vaccarino V, Ellerbeck EF. Determinants of appropriate use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors after acute myocardial infarction in persons >=65 years of age. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:581586[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Gattis WA, Larsen RL, Hasselblad V, Bart BA, O'Connor CM. Is optimal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosing neglected in elderly patients with heart failure? Am Heart J. 1998;136:4348[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Kostis JB, Shelton B, Gosselin G. Adverse effects of enalapril in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Am Heart J. 1996;131:350355[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Ljungman S, Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. Renal function in severe congestive heart failure during treatment with enalapril. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:479487[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Mets T, de Bock V, Praet JP. First dose hypotension, ACE inhibitors, and heart failure in the elderly. Lancet. 1992;339:1487[ISI][Medline]
- Massie BM, Armstrong PW, Cleland GF. Toleration of high doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure. Results from the ATLAS Trial. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:165171
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Wagdi P, Vuilliomemet A, Kaufman U. Inadequate treatment compliance, patient information and drug prescription as a cause of emergency hospitalisation of patients with chronic heart failure. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1993;123:108112[ISI][Medline]
- Colley C, Lucas L. Polypharmacy: the cure becomes the disease. J Gen Int Med. 1993;8:278283[ISI][Medline]
- Monane M, Bohn RL, Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, Avorn J. Noncompliance with congestive heart failure therapy in the elderly. Arch Int Med. 1994;154:433437[Abstract]
- Cline CMJ, Bjorck Linne AK, Israelsson BYA, Willenheimer RB, Erhardt LR. Non-compliance and knowledge of prescribed medication in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Failure. 1999;1:145149[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Naylor M, Brooten D, Jones R, Lavizzo-Mourey R, Mezey M, Pauly M. Comprehensive discharge planning for the hospitalised elderly. Ann Int Med. 1994;120:9991006
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Young JB, Weiner DH, Yusuf S. Patterns of medication use in patients with heart failurea report from the registry of studies of left-ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD). Southern Med J. 1995;88:514523[ISI][Medline]
- Heerdink ER, Leufkens HG, Herings RMC, Ottervanger JP, Stricker BHC, Bakker A. NSAIDs associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure in elderly patients taking diuretics. Arch Int Med. 1998;158:11081112
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C. Efficacy of a multidisciplinary nonpharmacologic intervention in reducing readmissions and improving quality-of-life in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Psychosom Med. 1995;57:63
- Stewart S, Vandenbroek AJ, Pearson S, Horowitz JD. Prolonged beneficial effects of a home-based intervention on unplanned readmissions and mortality among patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Int Med. 1999;159:257261
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Stewart S, Marley JE, Horowitz JD. Effects of a multidisciplinary, home-based intervention on unplanned readmissions and survival among patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 1999;354:10771083[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Cline CMJ, Israelsson BYA, Willenheimer RB, Broms K, Erhardt LR. Cost effective management programme for heart failure reduces hospitalisation. Heart. 1998;80:442446
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Dracup K, Stappers J, van Ree J. Education and support increases self-care in patients with heart failure. Circulation. 1998;98:326
- Kornowski R, Zeeli D, Averbuch M. Intensive home-care surveillance prevents hospitalization and improves morbidity rates among elderly patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am Heart J. 1995;129:762766[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- West JA, Miller NH, Parker KM. A comprehensive management system for heart failure improves clinical outcomes and reduces medical resource utilization. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:5863[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Vaitkevicius PV, Ebersold C, Haydar Z, Stewart KJ, Fleg JL. The utility of exercise training to improve functional capacity of elderly heart failure patients. Circulation. 1997;96:465
- Owen A, Croucher L. Effect of an exercise programme for elderly patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Failure. 2000;2:6570[ISI][Medline]
- Wielenga RP, Huisveld IA, Bol E. Exercise training in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Coron Art Dis. 1998;9:765770[ISI][Medline]
- Nichol KL, Margolis KL, Wuorenma J, von Sternberg T. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:778784
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Koenig HG. Depression in hospitalized older patients with congestive heart failure. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1998;20:2943[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Krumholz HM, Butler J, Miller J. Prognostic importance of emotional support for elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. Circulation. 1998;97:958964
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Bull DA, Karwonde SV, Hawkins JA. Long term results of cardiac transplantation. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1995;88:981986[ISI][Medline]
- Everett JE, Djalilian AR, Kubo SH, Kroshus TJ, Shumway SJ. Heart transplantation for patients over age 60. Clin Transplant. 1996;10:478481[ISI][Medline]
- Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kober L. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. Lancet. 2000;355:15751581[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Gueyffier F, Bulpitt C, Boissel JP. Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 1999;353:793796[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Schersten B, Ekbom T, Wester PO. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension (STOP-hypertension). Lancet. 1991;338:12811285[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study. Lancet. 1999;354:17511756[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Mann JFE. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet. 2000;355:253259[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Pitt B. Losartan versus captopril in elderly patients with heart failureReply. Lancet. 1997;349:1475[ISI][Medline]
- Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA. Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet. 1997;349:747752[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trialthe Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet. 2000;355:15821587[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitorsreply. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1820[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Waagstein F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K. Beneficial effects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 1993;342:14411446[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Lechat P, Jaillon P, Fontaine ML. A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failurethe Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol study (CIBIS). Circulation. 1994;90:17651773[Medline]
- Lechat P, Brunhuber KW, Hofmann R. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:913[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Pitt B, Pierard LA, Bilge A. Effectiveness of Spironolactone added to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic for severe chronic congestive heart failure (The Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES]). Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:902907[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Camm AJ, Echt D, Pratt C. Dofetilide in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and either heart failure or acute myocardial infarction: Rationale, design, and patient characteristics of the DIAMOND studies. Clin Cardiol. 1997;20:704710[ISI][Medline]
- Cleland JGF, Tendera M, Adamus J. Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: the PEP-CHF study. Eur J Heart Failure. 1999;1:211217[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
K. Siirila-Waris, J. Lassus, J. Melin, K. Peuhkurinen, M. S. Nieminen, V.-P. Harjola, and for the FINN-AKVA study group Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2006; 27(24): 3011 - 3017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Silke Beta-blockade in CHF: pathophysiological considerations Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2006; 8(suppl_C): C13 - C18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. D. White, P. E.G. Aylward, Z. Huang, A. J. Dalby, W. D. Weaver, S. Barvik, J. A. Marin-Neto, J. Murin, R. O. Nordlander, W. H. van Gilst, et al. Mortality and Morbidity Remain High Despite Captopril and/or Valsartan Therapy in Elderly Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) Circulation, November 29, 2005; 112(22): 3391 - 3399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Gustafsson, C. Torp-Pedersen, M. Seibaek, H. Burchardt, L. Kober, and for the DIAMOND study group Effect of age on short and long-term mortality in patients admitted to hospital with congestive heart failure Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2004; 25(19): 1711 - 1717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N F Murphy, C R Simpson, F A McAlister, S Stewart, K MacIntyre, M Kirkpatrick, J Chalmers, A Redpath, S Capewell, and J J V McMurray National survey of the prevalence, incidence, primary care burden, and treatment of heart failure in Scotland Heart, October 1, 2004; 90(10): 1129 - 1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. P.M Gorgels, C. Gijsbers, J. de Vreede-Swagemakers, A. Lousberg, and H. J.J Wellens Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-the relevance of heart failure. The Maastricht Circulatory Arrest Registry Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2003; 24(13): 1204 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Stewart, L. Blue, A. Walker, C. Morrison, and J.J.V. Mcmurray An economic analysis of specialist heart failure nurse management in the U.K. Can we afford not to implement it? Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2002; 23(17): 1369 - 1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Stewart and J. D. Horowitz Home-Based Intervention in Congestive Heart Failure: Long-Term Implications on Readmission and Survival Circulation, June 18, 2002; 105(24): 2861 - 2866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.J.V McMurray and S Stewart The burden of heart failure Eur. Heart J. Suppl., April 1, 2002; 4(suppl_D): D50 - D58. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||



