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European Heart Journal 2001 22(22):2041-2044; doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2943
Copyright © 2001 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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Hotline Editorials

Transoesophageal echocardiography for immediate and safe cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation

T Bartel and R Erbel for the Acute Trial Investigators

Department of Cardiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany

References

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  3. Grimm RA, Stewart WJ, Black IW, Thomas JD, Klein AL. Should all patients undergo transesophageal echocardiography before electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:533–541[Abstract]
  4. Bjerkelund CJ, Orning OM. The efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in preventing embolism related to DC electrical conversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1969;23:208–216[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
  5. Erbel R. Transesophageal echocardiography. New window to coronary arteries and coronary blood flow. Circulation. 1991;83:339–341[Free Full Text]
  6. Manning WJ, Silverman DI, Gordon SPF, Krumholz HM, Douglas PS. Cardioversion from atrial fibrillation without prolonged anticoagulation with use of transesophageal echocardiography to exclude the presence of atrial thrombi. N Engl J Med. 1993;328::750–755
  7. Black IW, Hopkins AP, Lee LCL, Jacobson BM, Walsh WF. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in evaluation of cardiogenic embolism. Br Heart J. 1991;66:302–307[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  8. Orsinelli DA, Pearson AC. Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography to screen for left atrial thrombus before elective cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:1337–1339[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
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  10. Black IW, Fatkin D, Sagar KB. Exclusion of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography does not preclude embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. A multicenter study. Circulation. 1994;89:2509–2513[Abstract/Free Full Text]
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  13. Halmos PB. Direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Br Heart J. 1966;28:302–308[Free Full Text]
  14. Daniel WG, Erbel R, Kasper W. Safety of transesophageal echocardiography. A multicenter survey of 10–419 examinations. Circulation. 1991;83:817–821[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  15. Mügge A, Daniel WG, Haverich A, Lichtlen PR. Diagnosis of noninfective cardiac mass lesions by two-dimensional echocardiography. Comparison of the transthoracic and transesophageal approaches. Circulation. 1991;83:70–78[Abstract/Free Full Text]
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  17. Bartel T, Müller S, Nesser HJ, Möhlenkamp S, Bruch C, Erbel R. Usefulness of motion patterns identified by tissue Doppler echocardiography for diagnosing various cardiac masses, particularly valvular vegetations. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:1428–1433[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
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Clinical practicality and predictive value of transoesophageal echocardiography in early cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
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