Copyright © 2002 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Hotline Editorials
Do atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes share a common inflammatory basis?
Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
References
- King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 19952025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:14141431[Abstract]
- Stern MP. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The common soil hypothesis. Diabetes. 1995;44:369374[Abstract]
- Pickup JC, Crook MA. Is type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system? Diabetologia. 1998;41:12411248[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Fernandez-Real JM, Ricart W. Insulin resistance and inflammation in an evolutionary perspective: the contribution of cytokine genotype/phenotype to thriftiness. Diabetologia. 1999;42:13671374[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- JAMA. 2001;285:24862497
[Free Full Text] - Ridker PM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2001;103:18131818
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Gewurz H, Zhang XH, Lint TF. Structure and function of the pentraxins. Curr Opin Immunol. 1995;7:5464[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Steel DM, Whitehead AS. The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein. Immunol Today. 1994;15:8188[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Pasceri V, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation. 2000;102:21652168
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Pasceri V, Chang J, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-I induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs. Circulation. 2001;103:25312534
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Zwaka TP, Hombach V, Torzewski J. C-reactive protein-mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2001;103:11941197
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Liuzzo G, Biasucci LM, Gallimore JR. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid a protein in severe unstable angina. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:417424
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Haverkate F, Thompson SG, Pyke SD, Gallimore JR, Pepys MB. Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina. Lancet. 1997;349:462466[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:973979
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Koenig W, Sund M, Frohlich M. C-Reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992. Circulation. 1999;99:237242
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Tracy RP, Lemaitre RN, Psaty BM. Relationship of C-reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:11211127
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:836843
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. BMJ. 2000;321:199204
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA. Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation. 1998;98:839844
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Ridker PM, Glynn RJ, Hennekens CH. C-reactive protein adds to the predictive value of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998;97:20072011
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Albert MA, Danielson E, Rifai N, Ridker PM. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: the pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation (PRINCE): a randomised trial and cohort study. JAMA. 2001;286:6470
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:19591965
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CD, Emeis JJ, Coppack SW. C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:972978
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Hak AE, Stehouwer CD, Bots ML. Associations of C-reactive protein with measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, middle-aged women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:19861991
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Festa A, D'Agostino R Jr, Howard G, Mykkanen L, Tracy RP, Haffner SM. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation. 2000;102:4247
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Sandler S, Bendtzen K, Euzirik D, Welsh M. Interleukin-6 affects insulin secretion and glucose metabolism of rat pancreatic islets in vivo. Endocrinology. 1990;126:12881294[Abstract]
- Kanemaki T, Kitade H, Kaibori M. Interleukin 1beta and interleukin 6, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha, inhibit insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in rat hepatocytes. Hepatology. 1998;27:12961303[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Tsigos C, Papanicolaou DA, Kyrou I, Defensor R, Mitsiadis CS, Chrousos GP. Dose-dependent effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on glucose regulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:41674170
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Hotamisligil GS, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis factor alpha: a key component of the obesity-diabetes link. Diabetes. 1994;43:12711278[Abstract]
- Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Sharrett AR. Markers of inflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study): a cohort study. Lancet. 1999;353:16491652[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Offenbacher S, Wu KK, Savage PJ, Heiss G. Factor VIII and other hemostasis variables are related to incident diabetes in adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:767772
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2001;286:327334
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Mohamed-Ali V, Goodrick S, Rawesh A. Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:41964200
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Pinkney JH, Stehouwer CD, Coppack SW, Yudkin JS. Endothelial dysfunction: cause of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes. 1997;46:S913[ISI][Medline]
- Hingorani AD, Cross J, Kharbanda RK. Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans. Circulation. 2000;102:994999
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:611616[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davis R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145153
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Freeman DJ, Norrie J, Sattar N. Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation. 2001;103:357362
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Schieffer B, Schieffer E, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Expression of angiotensin II and interleukin 6 in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: potential implications for inflammation and plaque instability. Circulation. 2000;101:13721378
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Eriksson SV, Kjekshus J, Eneroth P, Swedberg K. Neopterin, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, and prostaglandin E2 in patients with severe congestive heart failure treated with enalapril (Abstr). Circulation. 1997;97:I-322
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
P. Kallio, M. Kolehmainen, D. E Laaksonen, L. Pulkkinen, M. Atalay, H. Mykkanen, M. Uusitupa, K. Poutanen, and L. Niskanen Inflammation markers are modulated by responses to diets differing in postprandial insulin responses in individuals with the metabolic syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1497 - 1503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Evans, M. Collins, C. Jennings, L. van der Merwe, I. Soderstrom, T. Olsson, N. S Levitt, E. V Lambert, and J. H Goedecke The association of interleukin-18 genotype and serum levels with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 157(5): 633 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Pischon, N. Heng, J.-P. Bernimoulin, B.-M. Kleber, S.N. Willich, and T. Pischon Obesity, Inflammation, and Periodontal Disease J. Dent. Res., May 1, 2007; 86(5): 400 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Starkey, S. J. Haidacher, W. S. LeJeune, X. Zhang, B. C. Tieu, S. Choudhary, A. R. Brasier, L. A. Denner, and R. G. Tilton Diabetes-Induced Activation of Canonical and Noncanonical Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Pathways in Renal Cortex. Diabetes, May 1, 2006; 55(5): 1252 - 1259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Jiang, D. R. Jacobs Jr., E. Mayer-Davis, M. Szklo, D. Herrington, N. S. Jenny, R. Kronmal, and R. G. Barr Nut and Seed Consumption and Inflammatory Markers in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 163(3): 222 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Santilli, G. Davi, A. Consoli, F. Cipollone, A. Mezzetti, A. Falco, T. Taraborelli, E. Devangelio, G. Ciabattoni, S. Basili, et al. Thromboxane-Dependent CD40 Ligand Release in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 17, 2006; 47(2): 391 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Kivimaki, D. A. Lawlor, M. Juonala, G. Davey Smith, M. Elovainio, L. Keltikangas-Jarvinen, J. Vahtera, J. S.A. Viikari, and O. T. Raitakari Lifecourse Socioeconomic Position, C-Reactive Protein, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 25(10): 2197 - 2202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. E. Laaksonen, L. Niskanen, K. Nyyssonen, K. Punnonen, T.-P. Tuomainen, and J. T. Salonen C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular and overall mortality in middle-aged men: a population-based cohort study Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2005; 26(17): 1783 - 1789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Guo, W. Su, S. Allen, H. Pang, A. Daugherty, E. Smart, and M. C. Gong COX-2 Up-regulation and vascular smooth muscle contractile hyperreactivity in spontaneous diabetic db/db mice Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2005; 67(4): 723 - 735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Geluk, F. W. Asselbergs, H. L. Hillege, S. J.L. Bakker, P. E. de Jong, F. Zijlstra, and W. H. van Gilst Impact of statins in microalbuminuric subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a substudy of the PREVEND Intervention Trial Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2005; 26(13): 1314 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. S.F. Doney, S. Lee, G. P. Leese, A. D. Morris, and C. N.A. Palmer Increased Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With the Glutathione S Transferase Theta-Null Genotype: A Go-DARTS Study Circulation, June 7, 2005; 111(22): 2927 - 2934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Basu, A. Larsson, J. Vessby, B. Vessby, and C. Berne Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Increased Cyclooxygenase- and Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation Diabetes Care, June 1, 2005; 28(6): 1371 - 1375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Knobler and A. Schattner TNF-{alpha}, chronic hepatitis C and diabetes: a novel triad QJM, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 1 - 6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Pai, T. Pischon, J. Ma, J. E. Manson, S. E. Hankinson, K. Joshipura, G. C. Curhan, N. Rifai, C. C. Cannuscio, M. J. Stampfer, et al. Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women N. Engl. J. Med., December 16, 2004; 351(25): 2599 - 2610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Sanchez-Moreno, M. P. Cano, B. de Ancos, L. Plaza, B. Olmedilla, F. Granado, and A. Martin Consumption of High-Pressurized Vegetable Soup Increases Plasma Vitamin C and Decreases Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Healthy Humans J. Nutr., November 1, 2004; 134(11): 3021 - 3025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. A. Howard, J. H. Arnsten, and M. N. Gourevitch Alcohol Use and Diabetes Mellitus Ann Intern Med, September 7, 2004; 141(5): 409 - 409. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Khovidhunkit, M.-S. Kim, R. A. Memon, J. K. Shigenaga, A. H. Moser, K. R. Feingold, and C. Grunfeld Thematic review series: The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism mechanisms and consequences to the host J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 1169 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. T. Willerson and P. M. Ridker Inflammation as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor Circulation, June 1, 2004; 109(21_suppl_1): II-2 - II-10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Helmersson, B. Vessby, A. Larsson, and S. Basu Association of Type 2 Diabetes With Cyclooxygenase-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an Elderly Population Circulation, April 13, 2004; 109(14): 1729 - 1734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. B. Hu, J. B. Meigs, T. Y. Li, N. Rifai, and J. E. Manson Inflammatory Markers and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Women Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 693 - 700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P L Sanchez, J L Morinigo, P Pabon, F Martin, I Piedra, I F Palacios, and C Martin-Luengo Prognostic relations between inflammatory markers and mortality in diabetic patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome Heart, March 1, 2004; 90(3): 264 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Troseid, K. T Lappegard, T. Claudi, J. K Damas, L. Morkrid, R. Brendberg, and T. E Mollnes Exercise reduces plasma levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 in subjects with the metabolic syndrome Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2004; 25(4): 349 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. C.B. Tan, W.-S. Chow, S. Tam, R. Bucala, and J. Betteridge Association Between Acute-Phase Reactants and Advanced Glycation End Products in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, January 1, 2004; 27(1): 223 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M Ridker and on behalf of the JUPITER Study Group Rosuvastatin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients With Low Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: Rationale and Design of the JUPITER Trial* Circulation, November 11, 2003; 108(19): 2292 - 2297. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Schillinger, M. Exner, J. Amighi, W. Mlekusch, S. Sabeti, H. Rumpold, O. Wagner, and E. Minar Joint Effects of C-Reactive Protein and Glycated Hemoglobin in Predicting Future Cardiovascular Events of Patients With Advanced Atherosclerosis Circulation, November 11, 2003; 108(19): 2323 - 2328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Schachter Review: Lipid lowering drugs, inflammation and cardiovascular disease The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, May 1, 2003; 3(3): 178 - 182. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M. Ridker, N. R. Cook, S. Cheng, H. A. Erlich, K. Lindpaintner, J. Plutzky, and R. Y.L. Zee Alanine for Proline Substitution in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-2 (PPARG2) Gene and the Risk of Incident Myocardial Infarction Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2003; 23(5): 859 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Bruunsgaard, H. E. Poulsen, B. K. Pedersen, K. Nyyssonen, J. Kaikkonen, and J. T. Salonen Long-Term Combined Supplementations with {alpha}-Tocopherol and Vitamin C Have No Detectable Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Healthy Men J. Nutr., April 1, 2003; 133(4): 1170 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. I. McFarlane and J. R. Sowers Aldosterone Function in Diabetes Mellitus: Effects on Cardiovascular and Renal Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2003; 88(2): 516 - 523. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M Ridker, J. E. Buring, N. R. Cook, and N. Rifai C-Reactive Protein, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events: An 8-Year Follow-Up of 14 719 Initially Healthy American Women Circulation, January 28, 2003; 107(3): 391 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Libby and J. Plutzky Diabetic Macrovascular Disease: The Glucose Paradox? Circulation, November 26, 2002; 106(22): 2760 - 2763. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. J Grant Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Gordian Knot The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2002; 2(5): 347 - 348. [PDF] |
||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||


















