Copyright © 2002 by the European Society of Cardiology.
A prospective survey of the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. The Euro Heart Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Euro Heart Survey ACS)
a Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
b Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Hashomer, Israel
c University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
d CHU de Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre, France
e Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Germany
f Thoraxcentre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
g Ospedaliera S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
revised February 4, 2002; accepted February 5, 2002
Abstract
Aims To better delineate the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in representative countries across Europe and the Mediterranean basin, and to examine adherence to current guidelines.
Methods and Results We performed a prospective survey (103 hospitals, 25 countries) of 10484 patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes. The initial diagnosis was ST elevation ACS in 42·3%, non-ST elevation ACS in 51·2%, and undetermined electrocardiogram ACS in 6·5%. The discharge diagnosis was Q wave myocardial infarction in 32·8%, non-Q wave myocardial infarction in 25·3%, and unstable angina in 41·9%. The use of aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and heparins for patients with ST elevation ACS were 93·0%, 77·8%, 62·1%, and 86·8%, respectively, with corresponding rates of 88·5%, 76·6%, 55·8%, and 83·9% for non-ST elevation ACS patients. Coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary interventions, and coronary bypass surgery were performed in 56·3%, 40·4%, and 3·4% of ST elevation ACS patients, respectively, with corresponding rates of 52·0%, 25·4%, and 5·4% for non-ST elevation ACS patients. Among patients with ST elevation ACS, 55·8% received reperfusion treatment; 35·1% fibrinolytic therapy and 20·7% primary percutaneous coronary interventions. The in-hospital mortality of patients with ST elevation ACS was 7·0%, for non-ST elevation ACS 2·4%, and for undetermined electrocardiogram ACS 11·8%. At 30 days, mortality was 8·4%, 3·5%, and 13·3%, respectively.
Conclusions This survey demonstrates the discordance between existing guidelines for ACS and current practice across a broad region in Europe and the Mediterranean basin and more extensively reflects the outcomes of ACS in real practice in this region.
Key Words: Acute coronary syndromes, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, prognosis, management, medication, percutaneous coronary intervention
f1 Correspondence: Alexander Battler, MD, FESC, FACC., Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, 39 Jabotinsky St., Petah Tikva, Israel 49100.
References
- Bower TJ, Turner RM, Wood DA. A national survey of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemia (SAMII) in the UK: characteristics, management and in-hospital outcomes in women compared to men in patients under 70 years. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1458–1463
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Collinson J, Flather MD, Fox KAA. Clinical outcomes, risk staratification and practice patterns of unstable angina and myocardial infarction without ST elevation: Prospective Registry of Acute Ischaemic Syndromes in the UK (PRAIS-UK). Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1450–1457
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Anderson HV, Gibson RS, Stone PH. Management of unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction in the United States and Canada (the TIMI III Registry). Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:1441–1446[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Rosengren A, Spetz CL, Koster M, Hammar N, Alfredsson L, Rosen M. Sex differences in survival after acute myocardial infarction in Sweden; data from the Swedish National Acute Myocardial Infarction Register. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:314–322
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Donges K, Schiele R, Gitt A. Incidence, determinants, and clinical course of reinfarction in-hospital after index acute myocardial infarction (results from the pooled data of the maximal individual therapy in acute myocardial infarction [MITRA], and the myocardial infarction registry [MIR]). Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:1039–1044[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Danchin N, Vaur L, Genes N. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction by primary coronary angioplasty or intravenous thrombolysis in the ‘real world’: one-year results from a nationwide French survey. Circulation. 1999;99:2639–2644
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Gottlieb S, Goldbourt U, Boyko V. Mortality trends in men and women with acute myocardial infarction in coronary care units in Israel. A comparison between 1981–1983 and 1992–1994. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:261–262
[Free Full Text] - Rogers WJ, Canto JG, Lambrew CT. Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1·5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2, and 3. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:2056–2063
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Gurwitz JH, Col NF, Avorn NJ. The exclusion of the elderly and women from clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1992;268:1417–1422[Abstract]
- Lee PY, Alexander KP, Hammill BG, Pasquali SK, Peterson ED. Representation of elderly persons and women in published randomized trials of acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2001;286:708–713
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Yusuf F, Flather M, Pogue J. Variations between countries in invasive cardiac procedures and outcomes in patients with suspected unstable angina or myocardial infarction without initial ST elevation. Lancet. 1998;352:507–514[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Eur Heart J. 1996;17:43–63
[Free Full Text] - Bertrand ME, Simoons ML, Fox KAA. Management of acute coronary syndromes: acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1406–1432
[Free Full Text] - Fox KAA, Cokkinos DV, Deckers J, Keil U, Maggioni A, Steg G. The ENACT study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1440–1449
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - 1994 National Hospital Discharge Survey, Washington, DC, U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, 1995
- J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:959–969
[Free Full Text] - Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, Husted S, Kontny F, Stahle E, Swahn E. Outcome at 1 year after an invasive compared with a non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary artery disease. Lancet. 2000;356:9–16[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1879–1887
[Abstract/Free Full Text] - Simoons ML. Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: The GUSTO IV ACS randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1915–1924[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Topol EJ. Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1905–1914[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
- Granger CB. Strategies of patient care in acute coronary syndromes: rationale for the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) registry. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:4M–9M[ISI][Medline]
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R Gao, A Patel, W Gao, D Hu, D Huang, L Kong, W Qi, Y Wu, Y Yang, P Harris, et al. Prospective observational study of acute coronary syndromes in China: practice patterns and outcomes Heart, May 1, 2008; 94(5): 554 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. M. Albert and C. Lewis Recognizing and Managing Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: After Myocardial Infarction Crit. Care Nurse, April 1, 2008; 28(2): 20 - 37. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-F. Wung and B. E. Aouizerat Candidate Genes of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Pilot Study Biol Res Nurs, April 1, 2008; 9(4): 280 - 292. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. Mehta, S. V. Rao, E. M. Ohman, E. R. Bates, G. Marcucci, M. Zhang, K. S. Pieper, P. W. Armstrong, H. D. White, F. Van de Werf, et al. Variation in the use of stress testing and outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from GUSTO IIb Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2008; 29(7): 880 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Torabi, J. G.F. Cleland, N. K. Khan, P. H. Loh, A. L. Clark, F. Alamgir, J. L. Caplin, A. S. Rigby, and K. Goode The timing of development and subsequent clinical course of heart failure after a myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2008; 29(7): 859 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. Corbett ETHICAL ISSUES, JUSTIFICATION, REFERRAL CRITERIA FOR BUDGET LIMITED AND HIGH-DOSE PROCEDURES Radiat Prot Dosimetry, April 1, 2008; (2008) ncn089v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Anselmino, J. Ohrvik, K. Malmberg, E. Standl, L. Ryden, and on behalf of the Euro Heart Survey Investigators Glucose lowering treatment in patients with coronary artery disease is prognostically important not only in established but also in newly detected diabetes mellitus: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2008; 29(2): 177 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. G. Mellbin, K. Malmberg, A. Norhammar, H. Wedel, L. Ryden, and for the DIGAMI 2 Investigators The impact of glucose lowering treatment on long-term prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction: a report from the DIGAMI 2 trial Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2008; 29(2): 166 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Sakamoto, L. M. Parish, H. Hamamoto, L. P. Ryan, T. J. Eperjesi, T. J. Plappert, B. M. Jackson, M. G. St John-Sutton, J. H. Gorman III, and R. C. Gorman Effect of Reperfusion on Left Ventricular Regional Remodeling Strains After Myocardial Infarction Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2007; 84(5): 1528 - 1536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J P Greenwood, J F Younger, J P Ridgway, M U Sivananthan, S G Ball, and S Plein Safety and diagnostic accuracy of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging vs exercise tolerance testing early after acute ST elevation myocardial infarction Heart, November 1, 2007; 93(11): 1363 - 1368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. P. Faxon Development of Systems of Care for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: Current State of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care Circulation, July 10, 2007; 116(2): e29 - e32. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authors/Task Force Members, J.-P. Bassand, C. W. Hamm, D. Ardissino, E. Boersma, A. Budaj, F. Fernandez-Aviles, K. A.A. Fox, D. Hasdai, E. M. Ohman, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2007; 28(13): 1598 - 1660. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Authors/Task Force Members, L. Ryden, E. Standl, M. Bartnik, G. V. d. Berghe, J. Betteridge, M.-J. de Boer, F. Cosentino, B. Jonsson, M. Laakso, et al. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: full text: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2007; 9(suppl_C): C3 - C74. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. De Caterina, S. Husted, L. Wallentin, G. Agnelli, F. Bachmann, C. Baigent, J. Jespersen, S. D. Kristensen, G. Montalescot, A. Siegbahn, et al. Anticoagulants in heart disease: current status and perspectives Eur. Heart J., April 10, 2007; (2007) ehl492v1. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Fernandez-Aviles, J. J. Alonso, G. Pena, J. Blanco, J. Alonso-Briales, J. Lopez-Mesa, F. Fernandez-Vazquez, J. Moreu, R. A. Hernandez, A. Castro-Beiras, et al. Primary angioplasty vs. early routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: the GRACIA-2 non-inferiority, randomized, controlled trial Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2007; 28(8): 949 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Ph. G. Steg, D. L. Bhatt, P. W. F. Wilson, R. D'Agostino Sr, E. M. Ohman, J. Rother, C.-S. Liau, A. T. Hirsch, J.-L. Mas, Y. Ikeda, et al. One-Year Cardiovascular Event Rates in Outpatients With Atherothrombosis JAMA, March 21, 2007; 297(11): 1197 - 1206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Hollenbeak, J. P. Fitzgibbons, M. Rossi, D. L. Morris, and P. Stillman The Impact of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions on Outcomes for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pennsylvania American Journal of Medical Quality, March 1, 2007; 22(2): 85 - 94. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Bhattacharyya, L. Perkins-Porras, D. L. Whitehead, and A. Steptoe Psychological and clinical predictors of return to work after acute coronary syndrome Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2007; 28(2): 160 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authors/Task Force Members, L. Ryden, E. Standl, M. Bartnik, G. Van den Berghe, J. Betteridge, M.-J. de Boer, F. Cosentino, B. Jonsson, M. Laakso, et al. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2007; 28(1): 88 - 136. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Riccioni, T. Bucciarelli, B. Mancini, F. Corradi, C. Di Ilio, P. A. Mattei, and N. D'Orazio Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation in Cardiovascular Diseases Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., January 1, 2007; 37(1): 89 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Westerhout, A. V. Hernandez, E. W. Steyerberg, H. Bueno, H. White, P. Theroux, D. J. Moliterno, P. W. Armstrong, R. M. Califf, L. C. Wallentin, et al. Predictors of stroke within 30 days in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2006; 27(24): 2956 - 2961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Van Brabandt, C. Camberlin, F. Vrijens, Y. Parmentier, D. Ramaekers, and L. Bonneux More is not better in the early care of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort analysis on administrative databases Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2006; 27(22): 2649 - 2654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mandelzweig, A. Battler, V. Boyko, H. Bueno, N. Danchin, G. Filippatos, A. Gitt, D. Hasdai, Y. Hasin, J. Marrugat, et al. The second Euro Heart Survey on acute coronary syndromes: characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with ACS in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin in 2004 Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2006; 27(19): 2285 - 2293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Assmann Dyslipidaemia and global cardiovascular risk: clinical issues Eur. Heart J. Suppl., October 1, 2006; 8(suppl_F): F40 - F46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Collinson, A. Bakhai, A. Taneja, D. Wang, and M.D. Flather Admission ECG predicts long-term outcome in acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation QJM, September 1, 2006; 99(9): 601 - 607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Lenderink, E. Boersma, A. K. Gitt, U. Zeymer, L. Wallentin, F. Van de Werf, D. Hasdai, S. Behar, and M. L. Simoons Patients using statin treatment within 24 h after admission for ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes had lower mortality than non-users: a report from the first Euro Heart Survey on acute coronary syndromes Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2006; 27(15): 1799 - 1804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Rahimi, S. Watzlawek, H. Thiele, M.-A. Secknus, B.-F. Hayerizadeh, J. Niebauer, and G. Schuler Incidence, time course, and predictors of early malignant ventricular arrhythmias after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with early invasive treatment Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2006; 27(14): 1706 - 1711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Ainla, T. Marandi, R. Teesalu, A. Baburin, M. Elmet, A. Lver, M. Peeba, and J. Voitk Diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction in tertiary and secondary care hospitals in Estonia Scand J Public Health, May 1, 2006; 34(3): 327 - 331. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. D. Wiviott, D. A. Morrow, P. D. Frederick, E. M. Antman, and E. Braunwald Application of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Index in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Evaluation of Patients in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 18, 2006; 47(8): 1553 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Henry, J. M. Atkins, M. S. Cunningham, G. S. Francis, W. J. Groh, R. A. Hong, K. B. Kern, D. M. Larson, E. M. Ohman, J. P. Ornato, et al. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Recommendations on Triage of Patients to Heart Attack Centers: Is it Time for a National Policy for the Treatment of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 4, 2006; 47(7): 1339 - 1345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rosengren, L. Wallentin, M. Simoons, A. K Gitt, S. Behar, A. Battler, and D. Hasdai Age, clinical presentation, and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in the Euroheart acute coronary syndrome survey Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2006; 27(7): 789 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Boersma and The Primary Coronary Angioplasty vs. Thrombolysis Does time matter? A pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction patients Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2006; 27(7): 779 - 788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al. Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation, March 14, 2006; 113(10): e409 - e449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al. Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 577 - 617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Thiele, L. Engelmann, K. Elsner, M. J. Kappl, W.-H. Storch, K. Rahimi, A. Hartmann, D. Pfeiffer, G. D. Kneissl, D. Schneider, et al. Comparison of pre-hospital combination-fibrinolysis plus conventional care with pre-hospital combination-fibrinolysis plus facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2005; 26(19): 1956 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S J Walsh, M S Spence, D Crossman, and A A J Adgey Clopidogrel in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: an overview of the submission by the British Cardiac Society and the Royal College of Physicians of London to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and beyond Heart, September 1, 2005; 91(9): 1135 - 1140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Rosengren, L Wallentin, M Simoons, A K Gitt, S Behar, A Battler, and D Hasdai Cardiovascular risk factors and clinical presentation in acute coronary syndromes Heart, September 1, 2005; 91(9): 1141 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. K. Toumpoulis, C. E. Anagnostopoulos, D. G. Katritsis, J. J. DeRose Jr, and D. G. Swistel The Impact of Preoperative Thrombolysis on Long-Term Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Circulation, August 30, 2005; 112(9_suppl): I-351 - I-357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. van Domburg, K. Sonnenschein, R. Nieuwlaat, O. Kamp, C. J. Storm, J. J. Bax, and M. L. Simoons Sustained Benefit 20 Years After Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 5, 2005; 46(1): 15 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-A Fassa, P Urban, D Radovanovic, N Duvoisin, J-M Gaspoz, J-C Stauffer, P Erne, and for the AMIS Plus Investigators Trends in reperfusion therapy of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Switzerland: six year results from a nationwide registry Heart, July 1, 2005; 91(7): 882 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-P. Bassand, S. Priori, and M. Tendera Evidence-based vs. 'impressionist' medicine: how best to implement guidelines Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2005; 26(12): 1155 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Z. Abildstrom, S. Rasmussen, and M. Madsen Changes in hospitalization rate and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in Denmark after diagnostic criteria and methods changed Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 990 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Daly, F. Clemens, J. L. L. Sendon, L. Tavazzi, E. Boersma, N. Danchin, F. Delahaye, A. Gitt, D. Julian, D. Mulcahy, et al. The clinical characteristics and investigations planned in patients with stable angina presenting to cardiologists in Europe: from the Euro Heart Survey of Stable Angina Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 996 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-H. Mak Bridging the practice chasm Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 949 - 950. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Daly, F. Clemens, J. L. L. Sendon, L. Tavazzi, E. Boersma, N. Danchin, F. Delahaye, A. Gitt, D. Julian, D. Mulcahy, et al. The initial management of stable angina in Europe, from the Euro Heart Survey: A description of pharmacological management and revascularization strategies initiated within the first month of presentation to a cardiologist in the Euro Heart Survey of Stable Angina Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 1011 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Schiele, N. Meneveau, M. F. Seronde, F. Caulfield, R. Fouche, G. Lassabe, D. Baborier, P. Legalery, J.-P. Bassand, and on behalf of the Reseau de Cardiologie de Franche Compliance with guidelines and 1-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2005; 26(9): 873 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J G F Cleland, A Torabi, and N K Khan Epidemiology and management of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the aftermath of a myocardial infarction Heart, May 1, 2005; 91(suppl_2): ii7 - ii13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Terkelsen, J. F. Lassen, B. L. Norgaard, J. C. Gerdes, S. H. Poulsen, K. Bendix, J. P. Ankersen, L. B.-H. Gotzsche, F. K. Romer, T. T. Nielsen, et al. Reduction of treatment delay in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: impact of pre-hospital diagnosis and direct referral to primary percutanous coronary intervention Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2005; 26(8): 770 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|