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European Heart Journal 1992 13(4):440-445;
Copyright © 1992 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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© 1992 The European Society of Cardiology

Tobacco, physical exercise and lipid profile

J. A. CASASNOVAS*,, A. LAPETRA*, J. PUZO{dagger}, J. PELEGRÍN*, T. HERMOSILLA*, J. DE VICENTE{ddagger}, F. GARZA*, A. DEL RÍO*, A. GINER{dagger} and I. J. FERREIRA*

*Unidad de Lipidos y Arteriosclerosis, Servicios de Cardiologla y Spain
{dagger}Unidad de Lipidos y Arteriosclerosis, Bioquimica, Hospital Clinico Universitario Spain
{ddagger}Unidad de Lipidos y Arteriosclerosis, Servicios Sanitarios de la Academia General Militar Zaragoza Spain

Received 14 August 1990; revised 5 April 1991; .

Correrpondence. José Antonio Casasnovas Lenguas. Servicio de Cardiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario. Avenida San Juan Bosco. 15, 50009-Zaragozi-Spain

Abstract

A group of 572 young cadets from the General Military Academy in Zaragoza (AGEMZA) with a mean age of 199 years was studied in two dfferent situations: on admission to the AGEMZA, when physical activity was very intensive (A) and after 8 months, by which time they had all received identical diets and physical activity was considerably reduced (B). On both occasions they were asked about their smoking habits and their personal and family histories. Their height and weight were recorded and a sample of venous blood was taken to determine the lipid, biochemical and haematological profiles.

We found that more smokers had a family history of sudden death or acute myocardial infarction than the non-smokers. The smokers also showed a lower HDL cholesterol level (54.3 ± 9.8 mg . dl–1 ± SD) than the non-smokers (59.4 ± 10.9) (P <0.0001) and a higher level of triglycerides (75.4 ± 24.7mg. dl–1) than the non-smokers (65.4 ± 21.1 mg. dl–1). The smokers had a higher white cell count (8194± 1981 vs 7332±1672 cells. 10mm–3) (P<0.001), a higher haemoglobin value (14.9±0.9 vs 14.6±0.9g . dl–1) (P <0.004) and a higher haematocrit value (44.2±2.3 vs 43.6±2.7%) (P <0.05).

The lipid profile of the whole population showed a significant deterioration in the second extraction (B): the total cholesterol increased from 146.3±27.9mg. dl–1 (in A) to 166.4±28.1 mg . dl–1 (in B) (P<0.0001), the LDL cholesterol increased from 74.9 ± 25.9 mg. dl–1 (in A) to 94.8 ± 26.6 mg. dl–1 (in B) (P <0.0001), the HDL cholesterol decreased from 60.6 ± 12.2 mg . dl–1 (in A) to 58.2 ± 10.9mg . dl–1 (in B) (P <0.0001) and the triglycerides increased from 55.4± 18.0. dl–1 (in A) to 68.0±22.8mg . dl–1 (in B) (P <0.0001).

The lipid profile of the AGEMZA cadets is less favourable in situation B with moderate physical exercise than in A with intensive physical activity. Young smokers show a less favourable lipid profile and an increased white cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin value when compared with non-smokers.

Key Words: Tobacco • physical exercise • lipids in young men


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