Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Special article
Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Consensus Panel report
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
Received February 18, 2004; revised June 11, 2004; accepted June 24, 2004 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 20 7351 8810; fax: +44 20 7351 8816 (E-mail: d.pennell@ic.ac.uk).
This paper was guest edited by Dr. E. Fleck. Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Introduction
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is established in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of diseases of the cardiovascular system. However, current guidelines for when this technique should be employed in clinical practice have not been revised since a Task Force report of 1998.1 Considerable technical and practice advances have been made in the intervening years and the level of interest from clinicians in this field is at an unprecedented level. Therefore the aim of this report from a Consensus Panel of established experts in the field of CMR is to update these guidelines. As CMR is a multi-disciplinary technique with international interest, the Consensus Panel was composed of European and American cardiologists and radiologists with major input from members with additional established expertise in paediatric cardiology, nuclear cardiology, magnetic resonance physics and spectroscopy, as well as health economics. The Consensus Panel was originated, approved and funded in its activities
Outline of CMR techniques
Congenital heart disease
General aspects
Acquired vascular disease
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Extremities
Renal and mesenteric arteries
Extracranial carotid arteries
Arterial wall imaging
Brachial artery reactivity
Coronary artery disease
Assessment of ventricular function and mass
Detection of coronary artery disease
Stress wall motion abnormalities
Myocardial perfusion
Coronary angiography and flow
Assessment of chronic coronary syndromes
Evaluation of acute coronary syndromes
Cardiomyopathies and cardiac transplantation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular non-compaction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Siderotic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac sarcoidosis
Myocarditis
Heart transplantation
Pericardial disease
Pericardial effusions
Constrictive pericarditis
Congenital abnormalities of the pericardium
Cardiac tumours
Valvular heart disease
Technical aspects
Regurgitation
Stenosis
Prosthetic valves
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Costs and benefits of CMR
Cost implications of functional CMR
Cost implications of CMR perfusion and viability testing
Cost implications of coronary CMR
Cost implications for the pharmaceutical industry
Comparative test costs
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