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European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on July 4, 2006
European Heart Journal 2006 27(15):1773-1777; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl123
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2006. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Treatment of chronic heart failure: a comparison between the major guidelines

John McMurray1,* and Karl Swedberg2,3

1 Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, UK
2 Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
3 Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, 416 45 Göteborg, Sweden

Received 6 June 2006; accepted 8 June 2006; online publish-ahead-of-print 4 July 2006.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +44 141 211 1838; fax: +44 141 211 2252. E-mail address: j.mcmurray{at}bio.gla.ac.uk

Abstract

Because of rapid advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, four important guidelines, including those from the European Society of Cardiology, have recently been updated. This review compares and contrasts the levels of evidence and classes of recommendation given to each of the key pharmacological and device therapies advocated by these guidelines. Possible explanations for discrepancies between the guidelines are discussed. Future approaches that might clarify the grade of evidence allocated and class of recommendation made are also described.

Key Words: Heart failure • Guidelines • ACE inhibitor • Beta-blocker • Angiotensin receptor blocker • Aldosterone antagonist


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