European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on September 25, 2006
European Heart Journal 2006 27(20):2387-2393; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl259
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2006. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
High heart rate: a cardiovascular risk factor?
1 Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
2 Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Received 25 May 2006; revised 24 August 2006; accepted 31 August 2006; online publish-ahead-of-print 25 September 2006.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +41 31 632 96 53; fax: +41 31 632 47 71.E-mail address: otto.hess@insel.ch
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
De battre mon coeur s'est arrêté—Movie by Jacques Audiard.
Resting heart rate (RHR) is one of the simplest cardiovascular parameters, which usually averages 60 to 80 beats per minute (b.p.m.), but can occasionally exceed 100 b.p.m. in unconditioned, sedentary individuals and be as low as 30 b.p.m. in highly trained endurance athletes. Epidemiological evidences demonstrate that RHR, or its corollaries, namely post-exercise heart rate recovery, which is mediated primarily by vagal tone, and heart rate variability (HRV, beat-to-beat variability also mediated by autonomic nervous system, especially parasympathetic) correlates with cardiovascular morbidity and suggests that RHR determines life expectancy. Multiple studies have identified RHR as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (comparable with smoking, dyslipidemia or hypertension). However, it is often overlooked.
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Heart rate: an independent cardiovascular risk factor |
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Since 1980, it is known that resting heart rate (RHR) is a prognostic factor in coronary diseased patients.1,2 Data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) published last
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High RHR: genetics vs. environmental factors? |
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HR-lowering therapy on the myth of eternal youth |
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Should we prescribe HR-lowering drugs to patients with high RHR, but without known CAD or CHF? |
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