European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on December 21, 2006
European Heart Journal 2007 28(2):212-218; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl435
Heart failure in different occupational classes in Sweden
Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden
Received 18 August 2006; revised 19 November 2006; accepted 23 November 2006; online publish-ahead-of-print 21 December 2006.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +46 31 3434100; fax: +46 31 259 254. E-mail address: annika.rosengren{at}hjl.gu.se
Aims The link between low socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, but there is a paucity of data whether a similar relation exists for heart failure (HF).
Methods and results A total of 6999 men 47–55 years old, without a prior stroke or myocardial infarction, from a population sample of 9998 men, were investigated during 1970–73. Over a 28-year follow-up, 1004 men (14.3%) were discharged from hospital or died with a diagnosis of HF. There was an inverse relationship between SES, measured as an occupational class, and future risk of HF. Compared with men in the highest occupational class, men with intermediate non-manual occupations had a multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.67, lower officials and foremen had an HR of 1.57 (1.22–2.03), semiskilled and skilled workers 1.48 (1.15–1.89), and unskilled workers 1.72 (1.34–2.20). Results were similar if only men with a principal diagnosis of HF (n = 516) were considered, irrespective of whether a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization had been recorded at any time.
Conclusion Low SES is an independent risk factor for long-term risk of HF in men.
Key Words: Heart failure • Coronary disease • Socioeconomic status
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