European Heart Journal Advance Access originally published online on January 22, 2007
European Heart Journal 2007 28(5):628-633; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl479
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Blood pressure and blood selenium: a cross-sectional and longitudinal population study
1 Studies Coordinating Centre, Laboratory of Hypertension, Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 702, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
2 Unité de Toxicologie Industrielle et de Médecine du Travail, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
3 British Heart Foundation Blood Pressure Group, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
4 Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The, Netherlands
Received 15 March 2005; revised 8 December 2006; accepted 21 December 2006; online publish-ahead-of-print 22 January 2007.
* Corresponding author. Tel: +32 16 34 7104; fax: +32 16 34 7106. E-mail address: jan.staessen{at}med.kuleuven.be
Aims Western Europeans have low blood levels of selenium (BSe), an antioxidant trace element. In a Flemish population, we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of blood pressure (BP) with BSe.
Methods and results We randomly recruited 710 subjects (mean age 48.8 years; 51.8% women). We measured BP and BSe and kept participants in follow-up for BP. At baseline, systolic/diastolic BP averaged (SD) 130/77 (17.3/9.2) mmHg. BSe was 97.0 (19.0) µg/L. Of 385 participants with normal baseline BP (<130 and <85 mmHg), over 5.2 years (range 3.4–8.4 years), 139 developed high-normal BP (130–139/85–90 mmHg) or hypertension (
140/90 mmHg). In multivariate-adjusted cross-sectional analyses of men, a 20 µg/L (
1 SD) higher BSe was associated with lower BP with effect sizes of 2.2 mmHg systolic (95% CI –0.57 to –5.05; P = 0.009) and 1.5 mmHg diastolic (95% CI –0.56 to –2.44; P = 0.017). In prospective analyses of men, a 20 µg/L higher baseline BSe was associated with a 37% (95% CI –52 to –17; P = 0.001) lower risk of developing high-normal BP or hypertension. None of these associations was significant in women.
Conclusion Deficiency of selenium might be an underestimated risk factor for the development of high BP in European men.
Key Words: Blood pressure • Epidemiology • Hypertension • Prospective
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