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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on November 30, 2004
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi051
Copyright © 2004 by the European Society of Cardiology.
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Clinical research

Reciprocal relationship between left ventricular filling pressure and the recruitable human coronary collateral circulation

Stefano F. de Marchi 1, Philipp Oswald 1, Stephan Windecker 1, Bernhard Meier 1, and Christian Seiler 1*

1 Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Christian Seiler, E-mail: christian.seiler.cardio{at}insel.ch


  Abstract

Aims The aim of our study in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and present, or absent, myocardial ischaemia during coronary occlusion was to test whether (i) left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is influenced by the collateral circulation and, on the other hand, that (ii) its resistance to flow is directly associated with LV filling pressure.

Methods and results In 50 patients with CAD, the following parameters were obtained before and during a 60s balloon occlusion: LV, aortic (Pao) and coronary pressure (Poccl), flow velocity (Voccl), central venous pressure (CVP), and coronary flow velocity after coronary angioplasty (VØ-occl). The following variables were determined and analysed at 10s intervals during occlusion, and at 60s of occlusion: LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), velocity-derived (CFIv) and pressure-derived collateral flow index (CFIp), coronary collateral (Rcoll), and peripheral resistance index to flow (Rperiph). Patients with ECG signs of ischaemia during coronary occlusion (insufficient collaterals, n=33) had higher values of LVEDP over the entire course of occlusion than those without ECG signs of ischaemia during occlusion (sufficient collaterals, n = 17). Despite no ischaemia in the latter, there was an increase in LVEDP from 20 to 60s of occlusion. In patients with insufficient collaterals, CFIv decreased and CFIp increased during occlusion. Beyond an occlusive LVEDP >27mmHg, Rcoll and Rperiph increased as a function of LVEDP.

Conclusion Recruitable collaterals are reciprocally tied to LV filling pressure during occlusion. If poorly developed, they affect it via myocardial ischaemia; if well grown, LV filling pressure still increases gradually during occlusion despite the absence of ischaemia indicating transmission of collateral perfusion pressure to the LV. With low, but not high, collateral flow, resistance to collateral as well as coronary peripheral flow is related to LV filling pressure in the high range.

Keywords: Coronary circulation; Collateral circulation; Ventricular function; Coronary imaging.
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