European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on February 2, 2005
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi108
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1 Department of Cardiology, University of Padova, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The 1996 American Heart Association consensus panel recommendations stated that pre-participation cardiovascular screening for young competitive athletes is justifiable and compelling on ethical, legal, and medical grounds. The present article represents the consensus statement of the Study Group on Sports Cardiology of the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology, which comprises cardiovascular specialists and other physicians from different European countries with extensive clinical experience with young competitive athletes, as well as with pathological substrates of sudden death. The document takes note of the 25-year Italian experience on systematic pre-participation screening of competitive athletes and focuses on relevant issues, mostly regarding the relative risk, causes, and prevalence of sudden death in athletes; the efficacy, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of population-based pre-participation cardiovascular screening; the key role of 12-lead ECG for identification of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiomyopathies and channelopathies at risk of sudden death during sports; and the potential of preventing fatal events. The main purpose of the consensus document is to reinforce the principle of the need for pre-participation medical clearance of all young athletes involved in organized sports programmes, on the basis of (i) the proven efficacy of systematic screening by 12-lead ECG (in addition to history and physical examination) to identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--the leading cause of sports-related sudden death--and to prevent athletic field fatalities; (ii) the potential screening ability in detecting other lethal cardiovascular diseases presenting with ECG abnormalities. The consensus document recommends the implementation of a common European screening protocol essentially based on 12-lead ECG.
ESC Report
Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol: Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology
2 Institute for Sports Sciences, Rome, Italy
3 Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
4 Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5 Department of Medicine, Sahlgrens University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
6 Department of Cardiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
7 Sports Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
8 Klinikk Ullevål Sykehus, Oslo, Norway
9 Wellness Medical Center, Stockport, UK
10 Heart Center NRW, University Hospital, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
11 Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia, Italy
12 Civil Hospital, Conegliano, Italy
13 Division of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Athens, Greece
14 Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
15 Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
16 Pathological Anatomy, University of Padova, Italy
17 Pathological Anatomy, University of Pavia, Italy
18 Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Uppsala, Sweden
19 Heart Hospital, University College London, UK
Domenico Corrado, E-mail: domenico.corrado{at}unipd.it
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