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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on June 29, 2005
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi394
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European Heart Journal © The European Society of Cardiology 2005; all rights reserved
Received February 1, 2005
Revised June 1, 2005
Accepted June 9, 2005

Clinical research

Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study

Timo A. Lakka 1*, Hanna-Maaria Lakka 2, Tuomo Rankinen 2, Arthur S. Leon 3, D.C. Rao 4, James S. Skinner 5, Jack H. Wilmore 6, and Claude Bouchard 2

1 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
2 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
3 School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
4 Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
5 Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
6 Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Timo A. Lakka, E-mail: timo.lakka{at}uku.fi


  Abstract

Aims To study the effect of exercise training on plasma C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation.

Methods and results We performed a 20 week standardized exercise training programme in 652 sedentary healthy white and black men and women. C-reactive protein was measured with a high sensitivity assay. The study sample was stratified according to baseline C-reactive protein levels using a recommended classification (low <1.0 mg/L, n=265; moderate 1.0-3.0 mg/L, n=225; high >3.0 mg/L, n=162). The median C-reactive protein reduction was 1.34 mg/L in the high baseline C-reactive protein group. C-reactive protein levels did not change in the low or moderate baseline C-reactive protein groups. The difference among the C-reactive protein groups was significant adjusting for all correlates of baseline C-reactive protein (P<0.001) and additionally for changes in body weight, glucose, insulin, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (P<0.001). The C-reactive protein reduction in the high baseline C-reactive protein group was consistent across all population groups (P<0.001 for difference among baseline C-reactive protein groups).

Conclusion Plasma C-reactive protein levels reduced in response to exercise training in sedentary healthy adults with high initial C-reactive protein levels. This finding may partly explain the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Keywords: Exercise; C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Cardiovascular disease; Type 2 diabetes; Obesity.
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