European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on November 30, 2005
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi666
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1 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, University of Chicago Hospitals, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5084, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Aims Determination of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) from two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) images is subjective, time-consuming, and relatively inaccurate because of foreshortened views and the use of geometric assumptions. Our aims were (1) to validate a new method for rapid, online measurement of LV volumes from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic (RT3DE) data using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the reference and (2) to compare its accuracy and reproducibility with standard 2DE measurements. Methods and results CMR, 2DE, and RT3DE datasets were obtained in 50 patients. End-systolic and end-diastolic volumes (ESV and EDV) were calculated from the 2DE images using biplane method of disks. ES and ED RT3DE datasets were analysed using prototype software designed to automatically detect the endocardial surface using a deformable shell model and calculate ESV and EDV from voxel counts. 2DE and RT3DE-derived volumes were compared with CMR (linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis). In most patients, analysis of RT3DE data required < 2 min per patient. RT3DE measurements correlated highly with CMR (r: 0.96, 0.97, and 0.93 for EDV, ESV, and EF, respectively) with small biases (-14 mL, - 6.5 mL, - 1%) and narrow limits of agreement (SD: 17 mL, 16 mL, 6.4%). 2DE measurements correlated less well with CMR (r: 0.89, 0.92, 0.86) with greater biases (-23 mL, - 15 mL, 1%) and wider limits of agreement (SD: 29 mL, 24 mL, 9.5%). RT3DE resulted in lower intra-observer (EDV: 7.9 vs. 23%; ESV: 7.6 vs. 26%) and inter-observer variability (EDV: 11 vs. 26%; ESV: 13 vs. 31%). Conclusion Semi-automated detection of the LV endocardial surface from RT3DE data is suitable for clinical use because it allows rapid, accurate, and reproducible measurements of LV volumes, superior to conventional 2DE methods.
Received July 20, 2005
Revised October 24, 2005
Accepted November 3, 2005
Clinical research
Rapid online quantification of left ventricular volume from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic data
Lawrence D. Jacobs 1,
Ivan S. Salgo 2,
Sascha Goonewardena 1,
Lynn Weinert 1,
Patrick Coon 1,
Dianna Bardo 3,
Olivier Gerard 4,
Pascal Allain 4,
Jose L. Zamorano 5,
Leopoldo P. de Isla 5,
Victor Mor-Avi 1,
and
Roberto M. Lang 1 *
2 Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA
3 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
4 Philips Medical Systems, Paris, France
5 University Clinic San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Roberto M. Lang, E-mail: rlang{at}medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
Abstract 
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