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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on December 19, 2005
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi684
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European Heart Journal © The European Society of Cardiology 2005; all rights reserved
Received July 14, 2005
Revised October 26, 2005
Accepted November 24, 2005

Review

Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance: an emerging clinical entity

Thomas H. Wang 1, Deepak L. Bhatt 1 *, and Eric J. Topol 1

1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk F25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Deepak L. Bhatt, E-mail: bhattd{at}ccf.org


  Abstract

Antiplatelet therapy is a cornerstone of cardiovascular medicine. Aspirin and clopidogrel have emerged as critical therapies in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Despite their efficacy, patients on these medications continue to suffer complications. Millions of patients are currently on low-dose antiplatelet therapy but it is unknown how many of these patients are under-treated or on the wrong medication. Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance are emerging clinical entities with potentially severe consequences such as recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. The mechanism of resistance remains incompletely defined, but there are specific clinical, cellular, and genetic factors that influence therapeutic failure. These factors range from physicians who fail to prescribe these medications despite appropriate indications to polymorphisms of platelet membrane glycoproteins. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of antiplatelet resistance also remains an issue as new bedside tests are developed. By understanding the mechanism of therapeutic failure and by improving the diagnosis of this clinical entity, a new era of individualized antiplatelet therapy may arise with routine measurements of platelet activity in the same way that cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar are followed, thus improving the care for millions of people.

Keywords: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Aspirin resistance; Clopidogrel resistance.
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