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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on April 12, 2006
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi880
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European Heart Journal © The European Society of Cardiology 2006; all rights reserved
Received November 24, 2005
Revised February 24, 2006
Accepted March 23, 2006

Clinical research

Chronic kidney disease and risk of incident myocardial infarction and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women from the general population

C. Meisinger 1 *, A. Döring 2, H. Löwel 2, and The KORA Study Group

1 Central Hospital of Augsburg, MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Stenglinstr. 2, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany; GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
2 GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
C. Meisinger, E-mail: christa.meisinger{at}gsf.de


  Abstract

Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was found to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality as well as adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in high-risk populations. Findings from population-based studies are scarce and inconsistent. We investigated the gender-specific association of CKD with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based cohort.

Methods and results The study was based on 3860 men and 3674 women (aged 45-74 years) who participated in one of the three MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995. CKD was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 15 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. In this study, 890 total deaths, 400 CVD deaths, and 321 incident MIs occurred in men up to 31 December 2002; the corresponding numbers in women were 442, 187, and 102. In multivariable analyses, the HR for women with CKD compared to women with preserved renal function was significant for incident MI [HR 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.61] and CVD mortality (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.17-2.18). In men, CKD was also significantly associated with incident MI (HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.10) and CVD mortality (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.15-1.92) after adjustment for common CVD risk factors. In contrast, men and women with CKD had no significant increased risk of all-cause mortality.

Conclusion CKD was strongly associated with an increased risk of incident MI and CVD mortality independent from common cardiovascular risk factors in men and women from the general population.

Keywords: Cohort study; Kidney function; Myocardial infarction; Mortality; Risk.
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