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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on July 4, 2006
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl123
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European Heart Journal © The European Society of Cardiology 2006; all rights reserved
Received June 6, 2006
Accepted June 8, 2006

Current opinion

Treatment of chronic heart failure: a comparison between the major guidelines

John McMurray 1 * and Karl Swedberg 2

1 Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, UK
2 Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, 416 45 Göteborg, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
John McMurray, E-mail: j.mcmurray{at}bio.gla.ac.uk


  Abstract

Because of rapid advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, four important guidelines, including those from the European Society of Cardiology, have recently been updated. This review compares and contrasts the levels of evidence and classes of recommendation given to each of the key pharmacological and device therapies advocated by these guidelines. Possible explanations for discrepancies between the guidelines are discussed. Future approaches that might clarify the grade of evidence allocated and class of recommendation made are also described.

Keywords: Heart failure; Guidelines; ACE inhibitor; Beta-blocker; Angiotensin receptor blocker; Aldosterone antagonist.
The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the Editors of the European Heart Journal or of the European Society of Cardiology.
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