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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on August 3, 2006

European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl166
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European Heart Journal © The European Society of Cardiology 2006; all rights reserved
Received April 28, 2006
Accepted July 6, 2006

Review

The cost of implantable defibrillators: perceptions and reality

John Camm 1 *, Helmut Klein 2, and Seah Nisam 3

1 St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
2 Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
3 Guidant Europe, 1831 Diegem (Brussels), Belgium

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
John Camm, E-mail: jcamm{at}sgul.ac.uk


   Abstract

Aims Recent guidelines have recommended more wide-ranging indications for the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy, yet even more restrained previous guidelines have not been implemented for a variety of reasons.

Methods and results This brief review critically examines the reasons most frequently put forward to explain this failure. Contrary to the frequently repeated speculation that the risk stratification for sudden death and hence prophylactic placement of ICDs is reasonably accurate, there is little cost difference between pharmacotherapy and ICD treatment over the long term. ICD therapy does not utilize an undue proportion of the healthcare budget, and the healthcare systems in Europe can afford this therapy.

Conclusion Financial reasons are neither accurate nor adequate explanations for the failure of the European medical community to implement European guidelines for the implantation of ICDs for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death.

Keywords: ICD; Sudden death; Health economics; Cost-efficacy.
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