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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on November 2, 2007
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm482
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2007. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms, dietary fat and fibre, and serum lipids: the EPIC Norfolk study

Kelvin Wu1, Richard Bowman1, Ailsa A. Welch2, Robert N. Luben2, Nick Wareham2,3, Kay-Tee Khaw2 and Sheila A. Bingham1,2,*

1 MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Diet & Cancer Group, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
2 EPIC Norfolk, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
3 MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK

Received 20 March 2007; revised 18 September 2007; accepted 28 September 2007.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +41 1223252760; fax: +41 1223252765. E-mail address: sab{at}mrc-dunn.cam.ac.uk

Aims: To investigate whether blood lipid response to dietary fat and fibre vary according to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene locus.

Methods and results: Regression analysis of intake of dietary fat and lipid fractions according to APOE gene loci was assessed by Pyrosequencing and validated with restriction fragment length polymorphism in 22 915 participants of the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in serum lipids according to genotype, highest total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lowest high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in {varepsilon}4/{varepsilon}4 individuals. There were positive associations between total and saturated fat and serum total and LDL cholesterol, and significant inverse associations (P < 0.001) between polyunsaturated fat and dietary fibre and lipid fractions overall. Associations were in the same direction for {varepsilon}2, {varepsilon}3, and {varepsilon}4 expressing individuals with no significant interactions between diet and genotype group on blood lipids, except in the 3% individuals expressing {varepsilon}2/{varepsilon}4 (P < 0.05) in whom the associations were doubled.

Conclusion: In this largest study to date, ApoE gene loci status does not confer exemption from population targets to reduce dietary saturated fat and increase dietary fibre in order to reduce blood lipids and risk of coronary heart disease.

Key Words: Apolipoprotein E • Fat • Fibre • EPIC • Serum lipids


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