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European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on October 7, 2008
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn424
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Chagas cardiomyopathy: Europe is not spared!{dagger}

Roberto A. Guerri-Guttenberg1, Daniel R. Grana1, Giuseppe Ambrosio2,* and José Milei1

1 Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), University of Buenos Aires–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2 Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Ospedale Silvestrini, S.Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy

Received 18 August 2008; accepted 28 August 2008.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +39 0755271509, Fax: +39 0755271244, Email: giuseppe.ambrosio@ospedale.perugia.it

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Chagas’ disease was first described in 1909 by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who named the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi after his mentor, Oswaldo Cruz.1 It causes more deaths in the Americas than any other parasitic disease.1 Due to the parasite distribution throughout Central and South America, it is commonly known as the ‘American trypanosomiasis’. As such, it is considered to be an ‘exotic’ disease in Europe, where it is virtually undiagnosed. However, thanks to free circulation of individuals and employment opportunities Europe is a magnet for millions of immigrants, many of whom are from South America. We will review the compelling arguments by which chagasic cardiomyopathy should be moved upfront in the mindset of European cardiologists, actively looked for, and appropriately recognized.


   Infection
 
Vectorial transmission of the disease is the most common form in endemic countries. This occurs through haematophagous insects (Triatominae), which become vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Clinical characteristics of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy
 

   Estimation of Chagas’ disease in Europe
 

   Reported cases of Chagas’ disease in Europe
 

   Conclusions
 

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J. Milei and G. Ambrosio
Chagas cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: similarities and differences with dilated cardiomyopathy
Europace, February 1, 2009; 11(2): 140 - 141.
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