European Heart Journal Advance Access published online on April 4, 2009
European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp103
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The consistency of the treatment effect of an ACE-inhibitor based treatment regimen in patients with vascular disease or high risk of vascular disease: a combined analysis of individual data of ADVANCE, EUROPA, and PROGRESS trials
1 Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Thoraxcenter, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The George Institute, Royal Prince Alfred, Hospital and Institutes for Health and Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
3 STICARES Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rhoon, The Netherlands
4 Lille Heart Institute, Lille, France
5 Department of Cardiology, University of Ferrara, and Salvatore Maugeri, Foundation, IRCCS, Ferrara, Italy
6 Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart Institute, London, UK
Received 4 December 2008; revised 13 February 2009; accepted 25 February 2009 * Corresponding author. Tel: +31 10 7031528, Fax: +31 10 7032890, Email: j.brugts{at}erasmusmc.nl
Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk in different groups of patients. Whether these effects can be generalized to the broad group of patients with vascular disease is unknown. Therefore, we undertook a combined analysis using individual data from ADVANCE, EUROPA, and PROGRESS to determine the consistency of the treatment effect of perindopril-based regimen in patients with vascular disease or at high risk of vascular disease.
Methods and results: We studied all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular outcomes during a follow-up of about 4 years in the 29 463 patients randomly assigned a perindopril-based treatment regimen or placebo. The perindopril-based regimens were associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.96; P = 0.006], cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.95; P = 0.004), non-fatal myocardial infarction (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.71–0.90; P < 0.001), stroke (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.74–0.92; P = 0.002), and heart failure (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.96; P = 0.015). Results were consistent in subgroups with different clinical characteristics, concomitant medication use, and across all strata of baseline blood pressure.
Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence for a consistent cardiovascular protection with an ACE-inhibitor treatment regimen (perindopril–indapamide) by improving survival and reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events across a broad spectrum of patients with vascular disease.
Key Words: Perindopril • Coronary artery disease • Diabetes • Stroke • Vascular disease • Prevention
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